American History Study Guide Ch. 15-18

Chapter 15 Elizabeth Cady Stanton One of the nigh liberal leaders of the 19th century and star figure of the early charrs body social activist/abolitionist Opposed the 14th and 15th a mendment beca call it did cipher to enfranchise women Leader of the National select Association Crop-lien/Share sourpingGrowing of cotton and fuddle a part of the crop as collateral Sharecropping initially arose as a compromise between blacks desire for toss off and planters demand for labour companionship discipline governing body of rules allowed each black family to rent a part of a plantation with the crop divide between worker and owner at the end of the year Guaranteed the planters a stable resident tire push back Black CodesLaws passed by the new southern administrations that attempted to regulate the lives of the former slaves grant blacks certain propers legalized marriage, self-possession of property, and limited vex to courts Denied them rights to testify against blank s, serve on juries or in terra firma militias, or to suffrage Declared that those who failed to sign yearly project contracts could be arrested and hired out to white contributeowners Thaddeus StevensRadical who represented Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives Wanted to confiscate the cut of disloyal planters and divide it among former slaves and conjunction migrants to the due south plan proved to be too radical Hiram Revels Mississippi substitute for the U. S. Senate during Reconstruction Served as chaplain in the wartime Union army and became the first black senator in American history Enforcement make outs of 1870-1871 Out legalityed terrorist societies and allowed the chairwoman to use the army against them Continued the intricacy of case authority duringReconstruction. Defined crimes that aimed to dismantle citizens of the civil and political rights as federal offenses rather than violations of recount law Klan in the end went out of existence U. S. v Cr uikshank overthrew the Enforcement Acts U. S. v Cruikshank Ruled that the due process and pair protection clauses applied only to state action and not to actions of individuals Case that gutted the Enforcement Acts by throwing out convictions of some of those responsible for the Colfax slay of 1873 option of 1876/Bargain of 1877Re manan campaigner Rutherford B. Hayes Democratic nominee Samuel J. Tilden Election so dummy up that whoever captured SC, FL, or LA would win Bargain Congress official a 15-member electoral commission Members contumacious Hayes simple machineried the disputed southern states, and therefore, win Reconstruction Act of 1867 Temporarily divided the South into 5 military districts and called for the being of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote Passed by Congress over Johnsons disallow Chapter 16 Railroad Strike of 1877 ka colossal Railroad Strike first field restriction walkout When workers protested a pay put out that para lyzed rail traffic, militia units attempt to force them back to work The discover revealed a strong sense of solidarity among workers and close ties b/w the republican party and the new class of industrialists Aftermath government constructed armories to ensure troops would be in hand in the event of labor difficulties Henry George, attainment and Poverty important writer on social issues during the aureate AgeHe identified the monopolization of land as the cause of social inequality Progress and Poverty offered a critique of the intricacy of poverty amid material abundance allow proposing to a greater extent optimistic remedies for the unequal dispersion of health His solution single valuatewhich would replace other taxes with a levy on increases in the value of existing estate it would be so utmost that it would prevent speculation in twain urban and rural land George rejected the traditional equation of liberty with ownership of land saw government as a repressive pow er Sherman Ant-Trust ActBanned combinations and practices that restrained promiscuous flip-flop impossible to enforce Helped to establish the motive that the national government could regulate the providence to promoted the public good Lochner v youthful York/Liberty of Contract Ideal arrogant court voided a state law establishing ten seconds per day or 60 per week as the maximum hours for bakers employment at Wounded Knee Soldiers undefendable fire on Ghost Dancers encamped adept Wounded Knee Creek, killing b/w 150 and 200 Indians marked the end of four centuries of armed involution b/w the continents native population and European settlers and their descendantsAndrew Carnegie establish a vertically integrated stigma company one that controlled every frame of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution. Dominated sword industry Knights of Labor First crowd to try to organize unskilled workers as skilled, women alongside men, and blacks as well as whites Wanted to end the use of public and private police forces and court injunctions against strikes and labor organizations Thomas A. EdisonEras superlative inventor Invented the phonograph, light bulb, motion picture, and a system for generating and distributing electric power unresolved first electric generating station U. S. trade name Company Founded in 1901 maintained labor policies held by Andrew Carnegie lower advantage and electrical resistance to unionization Chapter 17 Omaha Platform, 1892 Party course of study adopted at the formative crowd of the Populist Party Represents the merger of the agrarian concerns of the Farmers Alliance with the free-currency monetarism of the Greenback Party charm explicitly endorsing the goals of the largely urban Knights of Labor.Tom Watson tabuns conduct Populist who worked the hardest to give voice a black-white alliance Made lamentable speeches whipping up prejudice against blacks, Jews, and Catholi cs Kansas exodus Some blacks sought a itinerary out through emigration from the South 40, 000 to 60, 000 African Americans migrated to Kansas seeking political equality, exemption from violence, access to education, and scotch opportunity hegira derived from biblical account of Jews escaping slavery in Egypt Ida B. WellsNations leading antilynching crusader insisted that given the conditions of southern blacks, the US had no right to call itself the land of the free naked Immigrants 3. 5 trillion newcomers seeking jobs in the industrial centers of the trades union and Midwest Described by native-born Americans as members of distinct races, whose lower level of civilization explained everything from their willingness to work for substandard wages to their supposed inborn tendency toward outlaw behavior Business Unionism ?????? Womens Christian Temperance UnionLargest egg-producing(prenominal) organization comprehensive program of economic and political reform including the r ight to vote must abandon the idea that flunk and dependence were their nature and join assertively in movements to change society Frances Willard president Election of 1896 Republicans met the silverite challenge insisting that opulent was the only honest currency Republican nominee William McKinley Sometimes called the first new-made presidential campaign because of the amount of notes spent Democrats and Populists supported William Jennings Bryan McKinley was the winner Platt AmendmentDrafted by Senator Platt of Connecticut Authorized the US to interact militarily whenever it saw fit US also acquired a permanent shoot on naval stations in Cuba Had to be approved before Cuba could have a go at it their independence Chapter 18 Muckraking The use of journalistic skills to expose the underside of American life Theodore Roosevelt came up with the term New Immigration Began around 1890 and reached its peak during the liberal Era People came from southern and eastern Europe 13 million came to the US, the bulk from Italy, Russia, and the Austro-Hungarian empireFordism Concentration on standardizing output and lower prices Moving assembly line car frames brought to workers on a continuously touching conveyor belt Fordism economic system based on mass employment and mass consumption Lawrence, Mass. , strike of 1912 When the state legislature enacted a 54 hour workweek, employers reduced the weekly take root pay of those who had been laboring longer hours Workers ad libitum went on strike and called IWW for assistance Children strikers left hand the city, and city officials ordered that no more children could leave LawrenceSamuel Golden RuleJones begild Age mayors who pioneered urban Progressivism Instituted 8 hour day and paid vacations at his grinder that produced oil drilling equipment Founded night schools and free kindergartens, built new parks, and supported right of workers to unionize Jane Addams Eras most prominent female reformer Believed wom ans life should be governed by the family claim the obligation to devote herself to parents, husband, and children render of the Hull House in 1889 firmness of purpose house devoted to improving the lives of the immigrant poorJohn Muir nonionised the Sierra Club to help redeem forests from uncontrolled logging by step companies and other intrusions of civilization Federal bargain Commission Second expansion of national power in 1914 Established to investigate and prohibit unfairbusiness activities such(prenominal) as price-fixing and monopolistic practices Welcomed by many business leaders as a means of restoring order to the economic grocery and warding off more radical mensurate for curbing corporate power