The Baroque Period

The baroqueness period happened between 1600-1750. The word churrigueresque go fars from the Portuguese word stripe which meaner perverted pearl it is a negative description of the boom and heavily ornamented medicament of this period. churrigueresco unison forms a major portion of the classical medicine canon, being widely studied, performed, and listened to. Composers of the baroque era embarrass Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederic Handel, Antonio Vivaldi and George Philipp Telltale. The development of functional tonality happened during the baroque period.Functional analogy is the relationship between chords (cadences perfect, imperfect, interrupted). This also led to elaborate ornamentations in harmony (e. G. Trills, structural, glissando). It changed the authority we wrote medical specialty and new sorts of techniques were invented. churrigueresco medicine expanded the size, range, and complexity of submissive performance, and also established opera as a pra ctice of medicineal comedy genre. An important technique mathematical functiond in baroque music was the use of ground basso, a repeated bass personal credit line.Modes (Modes Any of the eight scales of the gothic music, each extinguished by its ending position, its arrangement of pitches in intervals, and its range. ) were replaced by the major and minor rouge system (Diatonic scales). The popularity and success of the baroqueness style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church. Operas were fist be in the Baroque period. The first-year opera was written in 1597, c wholeed Deafen, and was couchd by Perl. The first sincerely yours bully opera was be by Monteverdi in 1607, and was called Refer. The music heightens the dramatic impact.There was a lot of slavish routinely (Italian for return, and meaner when a section returns). Before each verse of the aria (song), we hear an instrumental routinely. Here atomic number 18 some examples of operas all overtures from di fferent countries. Italy Scarlatti operas often began with an overture in three sections quick, slow, quick. This was the Italian Overture (an overture is an instrumental introduction to an opera). Scarlatti designed the arias in his operas in dad capo form, I. E. ABA. Another name for this is ternary form.France Lullys operas began with a cut Overture. Slow, quick, slow. This is the other way round to an Italian Overture Oratorios were also first formed in the baroque period. This is song music which at first was in truth identical to operas. (They had arias, choruses and recitatives) The main difference was that an Oratorio was base on a sacred bilgewater. Eventually oratorios ceased to act out, and were given musical presentation only. Handels the Nazarene, Samson, Israel and Egypt are all Oratorios. Also in oratorios in that respect was a passion.A assign is a special oratorio telling the story of Chrisms crucifixion. Besides recitatives, arias and choruses, Bach also included settings of chorales (German hymn tunes). During the Baroque period, the orchestra started to take shape. The string section became a self-contained unit. To this composers would add other instruments in mavins and twos Flutes, Recorders, Oboes, Bassoons, Horns, and occasionally trumpets and kettle drums. Monarchs/nobles employed composers because they wanted to furnish that they are gameyer than the others.The Baroque PeriodThe Baroque Period The Baroque term comes from the Portuguese word barroom, which meaner misshapen pearl Jean-Jacques Rousseau defined baroque music as that in which the harmony is conf utilise, charged with modulations and dissonances, the melody is irate and humble natural, the intonation difficult, and the movement constrained. The Baroque period was highly decorated and it reflects on the elaborate personality and complexity of the music compositions. Others switch likened Baroque music to listening to multiple people having a conference at the same cadence.Baroque music as also applied to other forms of fine art, including architecture It was conceit to establish started in about 1570 as the music of the Renaissance changed to a more Baroque style There is more agreement that the Baroque period end at the middle of the eighteenth century. The Baroque music era was a period that witnessed some(prenominal) advances in knowledge and changes in culture. Protestant reclamation had changed the landscape of religion and theology in Europe. Europe had turned toward rationalism and humanism to guide policies and philosophy.The Baroque period is he first to be among the musical theatrical roles that people today are generally acquainted(predicate) with. Characteristics of Baroque Music Composers and musicians during this time thought of themselves more as craftsmen than artists. They often made their living through with(predicate) patrons or respective(prenominal)s who supported them in exchange for their music. Patrons included not only the wealthy in society, yet also the nobility and the church. The music of this period was often composed for specific circumstances, whether it was a party or a sacred event.Some composers also worked as music tutors, constitute easier compositions for heir students. Because of the deliberate and specific reasons for compositions, individual magic spells were not generally thought of as great compositions that would be variati hotshotd over and over and have a lasting impact. The moments that were like the improvised music we find in society today that unequalled fragments of music to be played, but not generally remembered beyond today. Figured Bass The music during this time was actually quite diverse and varied.Scholars often separate and categorize Baroque music into early, middle, and late Baroque music or into Italian, German, French, and English music. In two music and art of the period, artists were concerned with describing e inquirys and feelin gs. Figured bass- A musical notation using numbers to indicate chords, intervals, and other aspects in relation to the bass placard of the music. Basso continuo- a harmony of the music, an instrument that was capable of playing chords played the basso continuo, such as a harpsichord, organ, or harp.The musician playing the basso continuo structure would play the bass note indicated in the harmony and then add in other notes on the chord as needed. The figure bass then helped the musician playing the basso Antonio by giving numbers under the bass note to indicate which chords should be played in that spot. Ornamentation and Orchestras Ornamentation- the use of non-necessary musical flourishes, such as trills and grace notes, to the basic melody or harmony. Many composers used extensive ornamentation in their valets. fancify notes are notes that are not counted in the total time value.Baroque music also tends to focus on one sensation in a single piece. The emotion that the piec e is trying to capture or describe is the musics effects. Orchestras- big instrumental ensembles or groups that contain brass, string, recursion, and wood land up instruments. Forms of Baroque Music Baroque music experienced a number of different forms or types of music. Music scholars call the plan that a composer has in mind when composing a piece of form a form. Form helps to give structure to a composition, and composers often combined one or more forms of music as they created new types of music.Opera Poppers can be defined as a dramatic work in which singers and musicians use both a musical score and a schoolbook or libretto. Composers combined a broad comedy with tragic elements. The comedic operas come to be known as opera buff Opera series- A very stylized and puts a greater emphasis on the experienced and masterful singer. Oratorios- Similar to operas. They are concert pieces rather than a form of musical theater. They tended to be more serious and dramatic. They were l arge-scale compositions, including solelyists, choirs, and orchestras.The Instrumental Suite Instrumental suite- A series of dances Prelude This is a shorter piece that comes before the other parts of the instrumental suite. Allemande This piece is a moderate tempo dance which derived from German dances. Originally, this was the first piece of the instrumental suite, but over time, the ruled took the first spot. Often regarded as a serious dance, the allemande was characterized by couples forming two lines and parading spikelet and forth in the room. Current This piece is a triple meter, fast-paced dance.Literally, the word current meaner running. execute This piece is usually a slow triple meter dance, slower and more grave than the professional Spanish dance that it is based on. Segue This piece is a fast dance in 6/8 time. Originating in the British Isles, it is somewhat reminiscent of the Irish Gig. Some compositions included additional pieces, such as some of the ones liste d here Hornpipe This piece is a fast, quick dance. It is said to have been created on board English sailing vessels and the movements are those that a sailor great power do as part of his duties.Minuet or Minuet This piece is one of the best known of the Baroque instrumental suites. The minuet is a social dance for a couple. Gavotte This piece has a moderate to fast tempo. The dance is French in origin. Air or noble-minded This piece is simple and written for either instrument or voice. English lute Ares were popular in the apostrophize of Elizabeth I during the sixteenth century. Bourne This piece is played at a moderate to lively tempo. Handel often used a fast tempo in the pieces that he composed. Of French origin, the Bourne is similar to the Gavotte.Paean This piece is a slower processional dance. Baroque Composers Claudio Monteverdi- His work serves as the point where Renaissance music ends and Baroque music begins. He was a transitional figure between the two eras, using characteristics of both musical time periods in his work. He also wrote one of the earliest operas. He was born in northern Italy and his early learning in music came about through his participation in a cathedral choir. His earlier pieces includes sacred madrigals He composed and published a book of this musical form.The taboo Libra, was his eighth madrigal publication, and it is regarded by some to be the perfect example of this form of music His music is divided into different parts covering the themes of love and war. For more old age he served in the royal court of Mantra At first he served as a musician and singer, before becoming a court conductor deeplyr in his life he became a priest and he continued to compose He died in 1643 Antonio Vivaldi- Is regarded by umteen to be one of the greatest composers during the Baroque period. His influences spread crosswise Europe and he was hearty known for his instrumental concertos. hotshot of the most famous violin concertos is The four-spot Seasons He was born in Italy in 1678 He was ill child but still managed to learn how to play the violin and began to study for the priesthood at 15 years of age. He became priest in 1703, when he was 25 years old. With the color of his hair he got the nickname The Red Priest Vivaldi At age 27, he published his first sonatas He was well known for working at an orphanage teaching the children there music ND composing works for them to play He created forms there and the forms included solo motets as well as large scale composition.In Venice he wrote several operas as well as The Four Seasons It features the sounds of birds, running creeks, ice skating, storms,and winter fires. At the end of life he experienced financial issues and locomote to Vienna, and became a pauper. He died in 1741 at 64 years old He died of internal transmission system His music is characterized as innovation and creativity J. s. Bach He composed music in many different forms, including both sac red and secular works.His works are mastery of the compositional techniques of the time, and many feature expressive melodies. He grew up in Germany, he was born in 1685 He family was all composed of musicians. He was orphaned at the age of ten and moved back in with an older comrade before he got a scholarship to a music school at 14 years old Johann Sebastian Bach Graduated in 1703 He became the court organist in Whimper and later the precentor for Duke Wilhelm When he took a position at SST.Thomas Church he composed mostly religious works, including a few masses, even though Bach himself was Lutheran By 1749, Bach Egan to experience failing visual perception After the mathematical operation, it didnt work so he ended up being blind after the surgery He died in 1750 at 65 years old from a stroke complicated by pneumonia Stages of his life Early work 1708-1717 Bachs organ music Middle work 1718-1723 Bachs instrumental works Late work 1724-1750 Sacred choral music His work was ma thematically precise, his work had technical mastery that many other composers could only hope for.He tended to write down the basic notations on the melody, giving musicians and singer the business leader to add embellishments of their own music. He tended to write out most of the notation in his scores. This gave him greater chasteness over the complex textures and embellishments that he added to his music. He also tended to leave some of the instrumental notations more basic in his work, particularly some of the longer pieces.George Frederica Handel German born Known as best composer natural 1685 He began studying law, his fathers profession After his father died he gave up law and studied music 1704 He began working at Hamburg Opera house His first two operas were performed He was involved with the world of the Royal Cad. Of Music in London In April 737, he experienced a stroke, but lose strength in his right arm but ended up recovering and performing again He died in 1759 and was buried at Westminster Abbey His accomplishments 42 Operas more than 120 cantatas, duets, and trios Conclusion In this module, we erudite more about the music of the Baroque period.In doing so, we learned about some of the influences on Baroque music and the characteristics of Baroque music. We learned about several of the popular forms of Baroque music, including operas. Finally, we examined four composers who exemplify Baroque music and who helped to influence and direct the creativity of this time period.The Baroque PeriodThe Baroque period originated in 1600 and ended in 1750 2. The Peterson is the estate of Peter the Great, in SST. Petersburg Russia. Bartholomew Reasserts models it. This building was key symbol of the era. 3. Baroque painters used assorted colors and deep shadows to create a rich texture this can be seen in the piece Rembrandt painted The Storm on the Sea of Galilee. 4. In the baroque period there was a fervent dispute over religion.John Bunyan (1628 -1688) was an English Protestant writer and a Astor. He is most famous for composing The Pilgrims Progress. Another important Protestant writer of the time is John Gill. He was an English theologian who wrote A Body of Doctrinal Divinity in 1767. 5. Three famous baroque scientists were Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilee and Francis Bacon. Galileo Galilee was an astronomer and invented the telescope, Isaac Newton created the laws of motion and Francis Bacon invented the bacon method 6.An opera is a play where everything is vocally reduced along with orchestral accompaniment and incorporates many aspects of spoken theatre such as acting. An example is Jus Boggling and Robert Merrill, the pearl fishers duet. 7. Music was used as pastime at the courts of the nobility. Music was very scarce and was treated very valuably as there was no way of listening other than live music. 8. Baroque music in churches was sung by choirs, often with organs, wind string and percussion instruments complementi ng them. Most people were taught in orphanages to study and play music, although musical instruments were only for the rich and privilegedThe Baroque Period Opera drama presented in music, with the characters singing instead of speaking Joseph German, p. 87) One cannot speak of Baroque opera without mentioning the name of Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643). Monteverdi has the distinction of being known as the first great composer in the genre of opera, as well as the last true madrigals of his time. He began writing his madrigals at a very early age and composed operas well into his seventies. Although much of his music has not survived to this day, one very important assistance did The Coronation of Poppa.This opera is done in recitative style as well as aria. Recitative is when the characters half sing, half recite the words presented in an opera while being very careful to follow accents and rhythms of true speech closely. Aria is part in an opera which is penned for soloist and orc hestra. The recitative is used to demonstrate spot action, dialogue, and other dramatic situations within an opera. Arias are used in an opera when elaboration of a piece is needed. The soloist can be more melodic, more consistent with the rhythm, clearer and better understood by the audience, and is usually come with by all of the orchestra.It gives the soloist great use of word-painting. This is a very notable Italian opera by Monteverdi as it is relating the adulterous liaison of Poppa and Nero which triumphs, although history records that the victory was hollow. It is also very notable because of its exquisite use of recitative and arias to tell the story. This is a great piece of secular composition for the era. Concerto One of the most important orchestral genres of sacred music during the Baroque era Joseph German, p. 120) (the other being concerto gross). Concerto is the contrasting of the orchestra and soloist.This contrast pits the power (along with the stability) of th e orchestra against virtuosity and vocal styling of the soloist. Three ways in which composers used concerto in orchestras during the Baroque period was through the various movements which they created in their music, the reiteration form which typically started off the movement, and the Baroque variation form which shows the Baroque need for sure and structured movements. Movements essentially are sections of music which are self-contained but, are part of a larger piece.In multi-movement works, movements will always show variety in meter, tempo, key, mood, and musical form Joseph German, p. 121). The reiteration form concentrates on the contrast between orchestra and soloist. While the solo piece is faster and brilliant, the reiteration orchestral piece is heavier and forceful. Lastly, the Baroque variation form is the continuous, nonstop repetition of a single clear and precise musical unit, with changes that cargo hold the audience interested without losing focus of the origin al musical theme. It should be further noted that Baroque variations have patterns.They tend to be resent over repeating bass patterns. These repeating bass patterns are called basso station. Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) was the best of the best in concerto. His Violin Concerto in G demonstrates this clearly and evidently in its first movement. It is a triple-meter movement done in reiteration. There is a contrasting solo violin, virtuoso solo violin, then it becomes more expressive, then even freer, very fast, then he pulls it back in line at the end. It is a great representation of orchestra using the reiteration form.Oratorio an opera on a religious subject, such as an Old Testament story or the life f a fear Joseph German, p. 144). This genre of music was the most operatic of any other religious music during the Baroque period. This a sacred genre of music. Oratorio is comprised of chorus, orchestra, and the all important solo voices. Also, oratorios were usually done without t he benefit of scenery, costumes, or even acting for that matter. They were never stage as operas were, but had plots which were narrative, several acts, real characters, and action which was implied.The text of an oratorio is based upon scripture and takes over the operatic features of recitatives ND arias. However, it also uses the chorus which played little role in the Italian operas of the era. Most religious genres of the time were written for church services but, the oratorio was more like a second musical religious service in that it was primarily used as a form of entertainment instead of opera for religious services such as Lent. Since it was not intended for liturgical uses, oratorios could be performed in churches as well as concert halls.George Frederic Handel (1685-1759) was the one who popularized oratorios after Italian opera began to meet its demise. He was the composer of the Messiah which is still performed today and, can be noted that it is the only composition of that era that has continually been performed since its original appearance. The Messiah is a wonderful piece of oratorio, full of enjoyable nuances in the orchestral as well as the choral parts. It is those nuances which bring emotion to the theme redemption as well as the theme of salvation. It contains melodies of interspersed choral with soaring soprano solos mingled with, alto, tenor and bass.When you listen you will note that there are clear-cut melodies throughout, which alternate between the previously mentioned soaring notes and pomp and circumstances of nobility. It can be heard that brass plays a very great role in the orchestra. It is still one of the most famous classical pieces that exists. I believe this might be due to Handels almost flawless use of oratorio form. Not typical of other oratorios, Messiah does not rely on characters to depict the story in recitative and arias, but the text is Biblical. This makes it a piece from the sacred genre but, a piece that has endured the ages and still delights the multitudes.