Slavery and the Making of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Slavery and the Making of America - Essay suitAmericans hoped to join the Union in frame to restore Americas lost pride and to stiffen the danger of competing free slave labor in the development of the West. Follo come alongg the Emancipation Declaration, the need to reconstruct the South and the absorption of African Americans required the American nation to soften its stance on racial bias (PBS, 2014). Additionally, the need for cheap labor required the American nation to be more across-the-board towards the African Americans.The shifting attitude of the American nation, namely the white population between 1863 and 1877, helped the African Americans win their fight for freedom on a recognized scale. However, the fight for individual freedom for African Americans for hampered for somewhat a century to come. Although the black man had been freed through legislation, namely the Emancipation Proclamation, but he was legato in chains everywhere due to social and economic pressure s. The average African American, especially in the newly liberated South, was still at the mercy of an overwhelmingly dominant white population. The standard of liveness for the average slave on the plantation had still yet to register a significant increase. Since the African Americans were socially isolated and unable to assimilate into mainstream society, their individual character could not fully emerge. In order to resist the bulwark of an unforgiving society, the African Americans had to move within society as a aggroup rather than as

Personal Competency Assessment for Risk Management Specialist Statement

Competency Assessment for Risk Management Specialist - Personal Statement faceProduction of presentations and reports that give details of research findings, explanations of risk position or changes recommended are significant areas of friendship that improve my effectiveness and performance. Additionally, extensive knowledge of research facilitates me to conduct statistical analysis aimed at quantifying risks by use of statistical models or software.Knowledge of risk management has impacted me with skills and abilities to identify and analyze areas of potentiality risk to the assets, earning capacity, or success of organizations. Subsequently, the knowledge has been instrumental in developing/implementing risk assessment methodologies/models. It has facilitated me in the development of contingency plans to handle emergencies. Additionally, a wide base of knowledge has increased my efficiency in developing a scenario analysis that determines the impact on risk exposure. Moreover, I have familiarized myself with enfranchisement and communication aspect of risk management. Through memorandumation, I have gained efficiency in storing an important document in an orderly and easily retrievable manner. On the other hand, proper communication skills knowledge has make me indispensable while dealing with thickenings. For example, I am able to interact with clients and obtain key learning in regard to risks. Furthermore, I am able to communicate risks to clients through oral, reports or presentation to the client and the managers. Additionally, I have the ability to deal with client queries and solve their problems satisfactorily.Definition Skills Active listening fine-looking full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, communicate questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Operations Management Forecasting MAD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operations Management Forecasting MAD - Essay case seasonal forecast deports into account the seasonal variations that occur during a specific time arrest. seasonal variations atomic number 18 the regular ups and downs in a time series that relate to repetitive events such as holidays and weathers. Seasonal forecasting is very useful as it can be applied to hourly, daily, weekly, quarterly and yearly events. Seasonal forecasting can also be useful for the management of the organizations in order to plan the message so that the organization can handle peak loads. Analyzing the data in the form of quarterly or monthly values makes it easy to detect seasonal patterns by the organizations management. By using this forecasting technique, the immense Northwest Outdoor Company can easily estimate the demand for its orders in the all the seasons as demand for its item is seasonal.Exponential smoothing is defined as a weighted moving-average forecasting method in which data points are weighted by an exponential function. The concept of exponential smoothing is not a complex. In mathematical terms, exponential smoothing can be defined as the latest estimate of demand is comprise to our old estimate adjusted by a fraction of the difference between the last periods actual demand and the old estimate. Seasonal exponential smoothing takes into account the demand across four seasons in a year for this partnership. As this technique is easy to use and does not require a lot of past data, it is used in almost every type of business. This type of forecasting cannot take into account the seasonal variations that occur in each year for the demand of the companys items.If the company uses Seasonal Forecasting method, it can take into account the seasonal variations and produce a more holy forecast for the four seasons of 2005. Following is the forecast for year 2005.If the MAD (Mean Absolute Deviation) is considered to recommend the most blameless forecasting method the n it would be the Seasonal Forecasting. The MAD

'Sound business models are a necessary component in a healthy visual Essay

Sound line of work models are a necessary component in a respectable visual artworks ecology and essential for most publicly funded organ - Essay ExampleThe focus would be on what can be changed as well as the aspects that view as so furthermost worked well in the same (Beder, 2006). In general perspectives, most of the championship models that are being utilise in sector of visual arts are perceived as generally weak, and mostly substance to vulnerability conditions that thrust since hindered or even reduced to a great proportion the funding to the sector. This is a belief that is widely supported by research by various scholars who have once canvas the same. For instance, most organizations in the visual arts sector are considered to have been under-capitalized, with their reserves being exactly minimal to even support growth ideas and projects in the organizations. The effect of this is that the organizations can barely protect themselves from pecuniary crisis moments in which case even the necessary reforms in the sector are thwarted. However, in real sense, such organizations if they can exploit their potentials have the capabilities to increase their activities hence, be able to convert some of the losses they have incurred into additional income. In this paper, I impart seek to present the arguments that are against and those that are for the use of heavy business models in visual arts ecology as a healthy component. The achievement of this entrust be made possible through the analysis of some of the obstacles that have hindered organizations from achieving their targets in ensuring that they have penetrate business models. The sector of visual arts is very lucrative and entails a lot of creativity hence, the enquire for firms that seek to invest into it to have updated and modern, sound business models that can enhance substantial growth in the same. However, like any other sector in the economic structure of a country, it is faced wi th challenges that have threatened to derail projects and stall development of business models intended for its use (Milne, Tregidga & Walton, 2009). Contemporary visual art world and arguments In the modern world of visual arts, there exists a strong flavor of individuality in which the economic values for the development of such business models are enhanced. When this is considered from the perspective of a business growth concept, several problems may arise leading to its dispute. One such issue may be that by business being a collective issues, at times it may be super difficult for the organization to attain anything good if it does not consider or understand the value of the same. For a start, this has been the main argument against the establishment of sound business models by organizations (Ewing, 2010). The second argument against this development of business models is that while the business field warrants free entry and exit of firms and ideas, and as such just presents more challenges to businesses than solutions. For instance, it is viewed that such a free entry does not show that the increased customer base will lead to translated high revenues by the firm (Bundy, 2002, p.45). Consequently, even the overheads of the business and the surpluses may not necessarily imply that there will be increased business activities hence, high revenues. The opposite is always true with

International Strategy of B&Q Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

external Strategy of B&Q - Assignment ExampleB&Q is the number one DIY retailer in europium and the third largest in the world, with more than 60 stores opened internationally, including B&Q Beijing, which is now the largest B&Q store in the world.Based on literature a firm has to make two initial decisions for facing internationalization process, i.e. equity and non-equity entry modes (See figure 1). Entry mode is an institutional arrangement that makes possible the entry of firms products, technology, homosexual skills, management or other resources into a alien country (Root 1994). On this level, the key issues when making a decision on entry modes are those that refer to the macro-level factors of the target country, such as country-risk, cultural differences or potential for growth (Pan and Tse, 2000). The influence of these factors on the choice of entry mode allow show up in the commitment of resources that the firm is willing to undertake in the international market and t he strategic tractableness they wish to maintain in tack together to face up to unforeseen changes in the environment (Pan and Tse, 2000).On the second level of analysis, managers would do well to evaluate the different modes of entry, taking into consideration the degree of figure they wish to exercise over international activities. The factors that should be analyzed at this level are tie in to micro-level characteristics such as those that determine the risk of dissemination or improper appropriation of assets and the firms strategy. Both factors will determine the degree of control the firm should exercise on international operations in order to maintain its competitive advantage and favour coordination between units that are geographically widespread (Harzing, 2002 Pan and Tse, 2000). act 1 Two-level model of analysis for the choice of entry modesSource Pan and Tse (2000)In the specific case of B&Q, its process of internationalization is clearly dominated by the equity entr y modes (degree of control) such as Greenfield, mergers and acquisitions. We fuddle to understand acquisition as the purchase of a stock in an already existing participation in an amount sufficient to confirm control. A firm can acquire a foreign company for many of several reasons product diversification, the acquisition of specific assets, the sourcing of raw materials, or other products for barter outside the host country or financial diversification (Root 1994). A Greenfield investment is a get up investment in new facilities. Such an investment can be wholly owned or a joined venture. The first ownership is a 100% in this alternative. It is usually complex, needs negotiations and takes a lot of time (Hitt et al. 2003). Merger is the process when two or more company sound out to become one entity through a purchase acquisition or a pulling of interests (See remit 1).B&Q

Psychological Therapies and Youth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychological Therapies and Youth - move ExampleIn this chapter, the adopt to actually find the respectable reason and the right procedure to function these young individuals survive their youth. All the different situations that they are to face must be well disposed(p) for. Besides this, it should also be assured that the decision that they blade is well guided so as to ensure their decisions would have better future results. IT could not be denied that not giving these individuals proper focal point would cause their future to stumble down. As a result many young individuals are now subjected to different therapies that are aimed to giving them the necessary assistance that they are in need of to live a better life. These therapies are rather developed to ensure that the said youngsters are presumption the right management that they need to assure that they are given the right attention so as to make them more than competent and strong enough to face their lives as young adults who are getting ready for a better future ahead of them. In support to this Hannel (2006) says that being able to identify the fact that a young individual needs an assistance, giving them the right attention is a must, to assure that they are given a good chance to a good future (15). ... ing the right path to youth therapy is that of preventing the root of the situation to cause different problems in the life of the young propagation later on. It could not be denied that through with(predicate) this particular prevention, people living around the young ones are to be subjected for involvement. It could not be denied that the therapies designed to follow this particular aim are designed to involve all the others who are supposed(p) to help in the process of preventing the young ones from facing all the different struggles that are to be undergone if they make the different decisions in life. Besides that, the issues on youth depression are also issued an attention throug h these therapies. (Cappuzzi, 200876)In preventing the causes of youth depression, the therapies are created to make sure that the different issues faced by the young generation are given careful attention by the people that are in charged in giving the necessary assistance needed. IT could not be denied that through these therapies and assistance programs, the youths and their families are given the right knowledge and reasoning so as to make it certain that they are considerably giving for each one other the right support needed by each individual to face the different challenges of piece living (Hannel, 200676).Therapists appointed to finish these responsibilities are then subjected to the challenge of identifying the different issues that certain young individuals need to face as young adults based on the different background situations that they are involved in. It could be observed then that knowing these issues are essential to the creation of the different psychological th erapy approaches needed to specifically deal with certain situations that youths need to face in their journey to life. Chapter 4

Origins, Development And History Of Classical Sonata Genre Essay

Origins, Development And History Of Classical Sonata Genre - Essay ExampleThis genre of medical specialty has experienced contributions made by some of the best musicians that have ever existed. These musicians are said to be the founding fathers of the music that we experience in the 21st century. The first contributor of sonata is believed to be Arcangelo Corelli who developed both forms of Sonata including the ones that were deemed as suitable to be played within church area and the second form was considered book to be used in courts in which a dance usually followed a particular prologue and these melodic displays were made following the similar key (Bbc.co.uk 1). The sonata that was played in churches usually comprised of playing of one or two violins which usually started at a slower tone. After the slow tone, the tone used to be increased a bit and towards the end the pitch of the tone used to be quite bouncing to match the tunes of dance. In the beginning the pitch of the tones was not quite clearly to disparateiate between different tones but with the use of violin the tones became quite clear. On the other hand the sonata that was considered as appropriate for the church used to be completely based on dance based tunes. Later on a mix of both kinds of sonatas used to be experienced. Major percentage of the sonatas was contributed by Sebastian Bach but his contract was less on this form of music as compared to the others (Geck 585).

Is it possible to distinguish between science and pseudo-science Is Essay

Is it possible to distinguish surrounded by acquisition and pseudo-science Is there a satisfactory criterion of demarcation which hind end be employed to make such a distinction - Essay ExamplePseudoscience is any body of knowledge, methodology, belief, or practice that claims to be scientific or is made to appear scientific, merely does not adhere to the basic requirements of the scientific method (Wikipedia). The newsworthiness pseudo implies that the science is fake or false just because there are problems with the testability criterion (Thompson, 1980). Pseudoscience is wholeeged(a) to lack supporting evidence and plausibility (Goldstein, 2000). According to Muralidharan (n.d.) one is an experimented science and the other is an experienced science. Simanek (2005) emphasizes that the practitioners of all that is termed as pseudoscience do not recognize the validity of this term. The boundaries of science and pseudoscience continue to be debated. With the help of a therapy in alternative medicine, namely Reiki, this paper will demonstrate that it is not possible to distinguish between science and pseudoscience.According to Lakatos (1970), the demarcation between science and pseudoscience is through inductivism. According to this theory only those propositions can be accepted into the body of science that describe hard facts or are inductive generalizations from them. An inductivist accepts a proposition only if it is proven true, otherwise he rejects it. If a proposition remains unproven, it is called pseudoscientific. He heavily states that science is based on hard factual propositions and inductive generalizations. The experiments of physics and chemistry are associated with this concept. The attract back here is that inductivism does not explain why certain facts rather than others were selected in the first place. How do the scientists get the inspiration to select a hypothesis? When a drop of water falls on our hand, the realization of hot or c old is an experience. Science merely explains the phenomenon of hot or cold but the heat and cold have existed even before the scientist made an attempt to study

How jails differ from prisons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How jails differ from prisons - Research Paper eccentricdelivery, possible need for accountability to the funders identifies differences in funding stakeholders in the facilities organizational expressions. Internal organizational structure of jails also identify sheriff, an elected officer, at the top of a hierarchy structure and subordinate police force enforcement officers while the Bureau of Prisons administers prisons (Whitehead, Jones, and Braswell, 2010) and the structure identifies administrative differences between the two facilities. It also important to note that sheriffs, who parcel out jails, are elected officials and voter power may influence their administrative decisions while Bureau of Prisons manager are appointed and even though politics may influence the appointment, a level of administrative expertise is expected (Clark and MacCreaigh, 2006). Another difference is the facilities target servers as prisons are also organized to host commonwealth who have bee n sentenced for felony offences and those serving long period sentences. Jails are however organized to host people who are in time to be tried or those who have been tried but are yet to be transferred to their designated facilities such as juveniles and those with mental illnesses (Gaines and Miller, 2006).Jails and prisons are facilities in the criminal justice system for dimension arrested and convicted people but their organizational and administrative scopes are different. Organizational structure, objectives, types of expertise, sources of funds, and types of people that each of the facilities holds identifies the

Chronic pain management- article critique Lab Report

Chronic pain management- article critique - Lab Report Example225, par 1). Health-related tonicity of sustenance (HQRL) indicating individuals state of physical and mental health and coping, pain intensity, HQRL, and patient merriment could be assessed in response to a multidisciplinary pain management program in order to try whether these are amenable to change (p. 225, par 1). In the purpose statement, the multidisciplinary pain management program is the sovereign variable, and the pain intensity, coping strategy, and HQRL are dependent variables, and they have been clearly identified. The population identified includes a unsubtle range of patients who have chronic pain symptoms, and the authors identifies significance of the study in terms of the need of learning of a multidisciplinary pain management program that accommodates biophysical, psychosocial, and emotional aspects of chronic pain and discourse of them in a holistic manner. The author proposes to examine further t o see if there is any positive change in pain symptoms after introduction of the proposed therapy in terms of coping, HQRL, and pain symptoms so a rehabilitative dispense plan can be developed.The literature review guides a reader for a possible treatment program for pain and rehabilitation that would call for a multidisciplinary approach to improve coping strategies and health-related quality of life (p. 225, par 1). The mechanism of coping as a cognitive-behavioral adjustment has been reviewed in detail. The rationale is well back up by evidence from literature that HRQL is considered to be an important outcome of interventions in chronic conditions like pain. adapted conceptual definitions have been provided as derived from the literature (p. 225, par 2). For this, the authors have cited many specific references, 37 in all, all of them are direct. For example, they have cited the basic concept of modern

Accounting and the Public Sector - Who Measures What and Why Literature review

Accounting and the in the humankind eye(predicate) Sector - Who Measures What and Why - Literature review ExampleThere has been a shift in the accent of the control from process and input to output control. The process orientation is one of the major elements in the smart macrocosm management concepts and the explicit standards for the performance touchstone are seen to support this diffusion of new concepts. This speculate aims towards conducting a literature review of right in public firmament. Catasus and Gronlund (2005) have conducted look on the accountability and measurement on the Swedish Armed Forces. There is a scale down detect in the Swedish public sectors and they are aiming to create a resemblance with the other European nations. unused ideologies and organizational forms are replacing the welfare state, which emphasizes on the probity, process and managerial accountability. This dismantling of the division among the private and public allows the private se ctor discourses to be informed to the public administrative practices. Reinvent is the late effort taken by the government in emphasizing the role played by measurement system in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the governmental operations. However, the fundamental question still remains there, that is, whether the legal opinion of accountability and performance management, which is followed in the private sector, is applicable to the public sector. This indicates towards the fundamental differences that exist between the public and the private sector. In recent years advanced development system and performance sweetener methodologies were implemented in the public sector, which showed higher degree of accountability. Therefore, the main aim of the research was to conduct an digest of the changing accountability by evaluating the changes in the measurements. Thus, the study focused at the relationship between accountability and measurement by highlighting on the meas urement. Another study regarding the unintended or intended resultant of performance measurement in the public sector was conducted by Adcroft and Willis (2005). In this context the study highlights on the regimes of performance management that fits to the purpose of the public sector and the intended expirys for the public service of processs and the workers of the public sector of the performance measurement system. The key issues that are answered by the research is that content or the text of performance management in the public sector with examples specific to the higher education and healthcare the intended outcome and the limitation of the performance management system. While most of the literatures have emphasized on the introduction of account system in the public sector organization of the developed countries that would lead to organizational and cultural exploration, the research scholars Ballas and Tsoukas (2004) has raised the question regarding why the accounting sy stem are not used in public bureaucracies, which should have implemented much before. In order to find the answer of this question, the study has focused on the absence of accounting and lack of systematic measurement in a public bureaucracy. The study has explored and explained the absence of developed accounting system in the Greek National Health System and compared with the Greek governmental system. The paradigm of the new public management is based on the central belief that the public service organizations should not only be accountable to the fiduciary matters but should be accountable to the objectives and the efficiencies too. A plunk of administrative

Noise standard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Noise shopworn - Essay congresswomans of exposure that represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly opened without adverse effect on their ability to hear and understand normal speech. Their TLV publications can be accessed through with(predicate) purchase since their publications have copyrights. ACGIH-TLVs do not have a legal force in ground forces they are only recommendations/ guides and not regulatory limits due to individual susceptibility, hence ACGIH is not a standard setting body. Regulatory bodies view ACGIHs guidelines as an expression of scientific opinion. ACGIH has several committees set up that decides which philia is to be selected for study and votes once a year on action terms. Each substance / element is selected based upon its availability, relevance and scientific data. ACGIH has established exposure guidelines for occupational exposure to noise in their Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), 85 dBA PEL with a 3 dBA exch ange rate. ACGIH guidelines are use to measure workplace and personal noise exposure limits, assess risk of hearing loss, determine the contain for hearing conservation program and identifying practical methods of controlling noise exposures.As compared to ACGIHs guidelines, Occupational sentry go and Health Administration (OSHA) a part of the USAs Department of Labor (USDOL) publish tolerable Exposure Limits (PEL). PEL are regulatory limits enforced on all employers. These PELs were initially based on ACGIH TLVs in 1971. If OSHA determines the need for a specific standard it calls for advisory committees (ad hoc or standing) to develop recommendations. OSHA requires that when workplace exposures slip away 100% of the PEL i.e. exposure exceed 90dBA, feasible engineering or administrative controls must be deployed to reduce noise levels. Engineering control includes redesigning space and operations to reduce noise at source, transmittal path or at receivers end. Administrative c ontrols include scheduling and controlling the level of exposure

Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Justice - Essay ExampleEven though many people do non agree with how the government upholds justice, the government is still there to begin sure that justice is kept. In his well-behaved Disobedience essay, Henry David Thoreau points out how pointless the government is. It is useless and the solitary(prenominal) reason that it has mightiness is because it is handle strong, and not because they have the most legal point of view. Thoreau goes on to say that the government identicals to do what is easiest rather of what is indemnify as such, Thoreau believes that if what the government is unjust, the people that should be doing the right thing should not follow the whims of the government. A person is not obligated to devote his life to eliminating evils from the world, but he is obligated not to act in such evils (Thoreau). The purpose of this essay was to make it known that the government gets its power from us and that it does with that power whatever it decides to, even i f it may not always be right. Thoreau made a few redeeming(prenominal) points, but his actions in regard to how he felt about the government and its keeping of justice only showed why the government existed in the first place. In response to the approval of slavery, Thoreau protested by not remunerative his taxes and ended up spending a night in jail. While protesting may have seemed like a good idea at the time, all he proved was that the government was keeping justice as it should by punishing criminals refusing to obey the law. The government may not always be fair, and they may have their own agenda, but they still try to make sure that people are penalise properly. On the other hand, Martin Luther King, Jr., in his Letter from Birmingham Jail, wrote about the purpose of his own protest against the government. Upset by the racial segregation in the United States, King led a nonviolent protest. However, he was arrested, cosmos told that protesting against racial segregation should be saved for the courtroom and not for the streets. King states that one has a righteous responsibility to disobey unjust laws (King). In this way, the government did act in an unjust way, punishing mortal that was not doing anything bad or against the law. Legally, King was give uped to have a peaceful protest and the police did not have the right to arrest him. They wanted to put an end to something that was making them look bad, even if it was true. altogether the same, the government was acting in a way that they thought was proper to avoid causing more(prenominal) problems between King and his enemies. John Rawls took a different view on justice and civil disobedience. He believed that everybody should be allowed to have an equal right to the most extensive scheme of equal basic liberties matched with a similar scheme of liberties for others (Rawls). Rawls felt that if everyone had the same liberties, there would be no need for mischief or civil disobedience. This could make things easier for the government, but it would not give people the chance to exercise their right to protest. Rawls views continued to state that everything should be distributed equally unless an unequal distribution would be the best for those least favored. These ideas would allow the government to completely avoid any trouble that might make them look bad by not letting people have all of their freedom. At the same time, the government is doing what it can to make sure that people do not act in ways that they should not. On the other grimace of the argument, Cicero, in The Defense

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 6

Finance - assay ExampleTherefore, for those organizations, the speak to of capital can be measured through a weighted intermediate method that can be termed as weighted average appeal capital. In specific, the execution of cost of capital is due to figure out the hurdle rate that the companies come across with and ar hypothetical to overcome in order to generate earnings. This method is widely exploited during the process of capital budgeting to see the risk or favorable scenario for the corporation to proceed with a concerned project (Droms and Wright, 2010, pp. 31-34). From the financers standpoint, the investors are looking for respective profit over the companys existing securities portfolio, which is used to assess a companys new project, because it is expected return that the investor is anticipated for providing funds, with the lowest rate of return, thereby establishing a benchmark that should be adhered by the new project (Pedell, 2006, pp. 26-31).The main perspectiv e of this assignment is to analyze the cost of capital, which often cognise as Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of the chosen organization. The company that has been chosen for the like synopsis is Tesco Plc. Tesco Plc is a British based multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer with its headquartering located in England, United Kingdom (UK). Tesco Plc is known as the second largest retailer in the world after the Wall-Mart. The company earned net revenue amounting to 70.894 billion in the year 2013 with net income amounting to 124.0 million in the same year.The method which has been used for computing the WACC of the selected company comprises on two different aspects, which are cost of debt and cost of equity. The formula of WACC institutionalized to cumulate cost of debt and cost of equity by applying relevant amount of weights with these elements. The defense of this particular method lies in the fact that this method has the tendency to analyze the cost of capital of the

Cross culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Cross culture - Essay Examplebegin with, newfangled theories of management such(prenominal) as Transformational Leadership and Leader Member Exchange (LMX) identify and emphasize the relevance of cultural knowledge for successful management. These Transformational/Charismatic leadership theories that take into account aspects of local culture contribute the promise of extraordinary individual and organizational outcomes. Leaders motivate followers to perform beyond anticipate levels by activating higher order needs, fostering a climate of trust, and inducing them to transcend their self-interest for the organizations sake. Numerous investigations point to the robustness of the effects of such leadership on individual and organizational outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and performance (Briscoe & Schuler, 2004)Further, the scope and applicability of Human Resource Management practices in a country whose culture is alien to the top management has transpi red into a considerable debate across academia and industry. The issue is especially relevant to trans-national corporations when their operations are expanded to new locales as a result of neo-liberal economic outcomes. public presentation Management is a strategic management process, which is purported to achieve the companys bottom-line, enables the MNC to continuously evaluate and improve individual, subsidiary unit, and corporate performance against clearly defined, preset objectives that are direct linked to company strategy (Lindholm, 1999). Since this subject is not rigorously researched yet, the effects of culturally sensitive Performance Management on job satisfaction among staff in subsidiary facilities, which is comprised of foreign nationals and where cultural sensibilities whitethorn be very different from that of the offices at home country. On top of that, the inadequate research in this area is indicative of the scarcity of research regarding the attitudes of hos t-country staff, especially the blue collar workers

WHY DO WE CARE ABOUT HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION Essay

WHY DO WE CARE ABOUT HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - Essay object lessonNocera (2007) Hence, the usage of information has drastically been enhanced since the advent of human computer interaction. This paper will dissertate numerous facets of HCI which include information systems, analog and digital systems, Artificial intelligence and speech recognition.One cannot determine the importance of HCI without comprehending what actually an information systems. Human Computer interaction is a collaborative effort that strives to associate people, network, software, hardware, and data in order to facilitate the daily operations of a business. There are many types of information systems that consist of manual, informal, formal, and computer-based. Systems engineering derived from HCI in essence give valuable data to organizations that can be given evaluated upon, analyzed, and enhance the value of the key goals that the organization possesses managing information systems stems from internet work enterprises. Foulds (2006) Information systems with Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a huge element because it allows children and technology. It is clear that internet and technology are vital components of the future. With the advent of technology, the internet has gravel a very strong force. Internet is a monumental channel that can have a positive and a negative impact on children. This paper will examine the pros and cons of the internet and its lay out on children.Before dwelling into HCI, it is imperative to understand the history behind it. Human Computer fundamental interaction has been a prominent idea from the beginning of 1970s when computers and humans began interacting with each other. Spreadsheets and computer games became highly decisive because user interface became common. Nocera (2007) This was very basic interaction as modern technology have not been developed. Calculations, word processing, and excels also came later as basic processing and storage were th e primitive examples of HCI. As years progressed, the logic behind

Sustainability and the Balanced Scorecard Essay Example for Free

Sustainability and the Balanced batting order EssayPractices that are good for the environment and society may appear to have a shun impact on somatic favorableness, but use of the balance scorecard lav result in a clearer picture of the relationship among sustainable practices, corporate strategies, and profitability. This article explores three ways that sustainable practices can be incorporated into BSC and discusses issues that should be considered when selecting sustainability related measures, targets, and goals. It also examines ways to enhance both internal and impertinent reporting of sustainability-related performance. Adopting green operating practices is certainly good for the environment, yet the implications of such practices for a businesss profitability may be viewed as both positive and negative. On one hand, by impart to product differentiation in the market- place and enhancing organizational image to investors and customers (both current and potentia l), green practices may join on a companys profitability. On the other hand, green practices may actually reduce profitability because of extra costs that result from implementation and continuation of sustainable practices. For example, installing solar panels on a building may lower monthly electricity bills, but, concomitantly, the reduced electricity bills may be more(prenominal) than offset by the high purchase and installation costs associated with the panels.The sustainability concept now runs rampant in business literature, but, unfortunately, there is no agreed- upon definition of sustainability or its underlying tenets. Sustainable or green practices leave alone be found throughout the operations of a business. These practices can be intromitd in the radiation diagram features of an organizations buildings, vendorselection in the supply chain, production of goods and provision of services, and packaging features and scattering elements of those products and services, and the practices will be a significant consideration in a products eventual(prenominal) disposal.The BSC typically reflect tetrad interrelated spatial relations of a company financial, customer, international business prowess, and learning and growth. each(prenominal) office has a series of performance measures, targets, and goals that reflect the firms long-term strategies. The financial perspective takes the viewpoint of the company shareholders and typically uses traditional financial measures such as operating cash flows, recidivate on investment, and changes in operating income over time.The customer perspective addresses product and firm differentiation strategies as well as value creation from the viewpoint of the organizations client base. The international business processes perspective includes measures of the qualification and the effectiveness of the firms operations. The learning and growth perspective focuses on the creation of organizational value through emp loyees and modernistic practices.The first method is to add a fifth perspective to the BSC. It may be the simplest approach for companies that regard to emphasize sustainability as a key corporate value or a critical strategy. The sustainability perspective consists of social and environmental performance indicators that link with the other four BSC dimensions and highlights the importance of social, environmental, and economic business as a corporate goal. This approach could allow management to establish less definitive measurements without compromising organizational aggregation.The second approach is sustainability-balanced scorecard (SBSC). A separate SBSC is an appropriate for many companies such as those brisk BSC but want to measure or integrate sustainability without the disruption and cost of adopting a full-scale BSC. SBSC include the following four perspectives sustainability, stakeholders, processes and learning. The sustainability perspective would emphasize the t riple bottom line of economic prosperity, environmental quality, and social justice. The stakeholder perspective wouldincorporate measures of business ethics, labor practices, and impact on society. The processes perspective would focus on particularised organizational external and internal processes products, tools, and systems. The learning perspective would stress organizational synergy, training, and research and development. A effectiveness of the SBSC is that a well-defined corporate sustainability strategy is not essential to its development.The third is integrating sustainability measures throughout the four perspectives. Management has to both define the metrics that are important in measuring progress towards organizational sustainability objectives, and how sustainability (or lack thereof) will affect the future. Incorporating new measures are important the firms financial well being as customer satisfaction, manufacturing cycle efficiency, and patent-generating researc h and development. The integration method also works well for companies that have pick out a more all-encompassing definition of sustainable practices that includes environmental, health, and social aspects. This article relates to accounting class because of the topics cover such as sustainability, triple bottom reports, return on investment, and balanced scorecard.The article concludes with developing sustainability metrics. These go out tangible guidance to how the strategies implemented help create shareholder value. There are three ways that sustainable practices can be incorporated into the balanced scorecard adding a fifth perspective to the BSC, a sustainability-balanced scorecard, and integrating sustainability measures throughout the four perspectives. My perspective is, I know how important it is to be not merely more green today, but as cost effective as possible.The three methods dont look too complicated to be implemented. The article states at the end that companie s are being pressured by stakeholders to become more transparent, and such transparency is becoming the norm rather than the exception. The 2008 KPMG international survey of corporate responsibility reporting found that, in 2008, nearly 80% of the worlds largest 250 companies issued some type of responsibility report. These responsibility reports included governance, ethical, environmental and social issues. It is now more important than ever to go green.

The poems Half-past Two, Reports and Dear Mr. Lee Essay Example for Free

The poems Half-past two, Reports and passion Mr. lee side EssayLook again at the poems Half-past Two, Reports and unspoilt Mr. lee. How does UA Fanthorpe create a sense of character in each poem and what does the endorser learn virtually(predicate) her view of the preparation system as presented in these three poems?The three poems analysed in this essay be Half-past Two, Dear Mr Lee and Reports all of which ar write by UA Fanthorpe. The poems are linked to each separate as they refer to the procreation system. The order of the poems are the least olive-sized of the education system to the roughly critical. In the runner poem I have selected to compare is Half-past Two. The poem follows the thoughts of a small male child, time time lag in a classroom for his instructor to arrive at half-past two. The un little problem is that he is futile to tell the time and so is unable to judge at what time he must collapse the classroom. The minutes he waits in the classroom for his instructor to arrive, feel care eternity to the boy as hes muddled in time. The poem shows the young pupils routine universeness broken, as he dreams of being lost in a world of confusion.The beginning of Half-past Two begins like a fairytale Once upon in a child-like t iodine. The main character in the poem is the unretentive boy. The boy is left to stay fucking in the classroom as hed through with(p) Something Very Wrong. The capitilisation and repeating of the line two lines later, indicates to the reader the teachers wild tone and she was cross show the reader the feelings of the pupil being ashamed. Yet it doesnt go into detail what hed done (I forget what it was).From the beginning of the poem it is obvious to the reader that it is written by the pupil as an bad remembering back a childhood memory, as the brackets throughout the poem show the adult perspective. As a pupil at the time he hadnt done anything serious as it had not contend a signifi a ffectation part in his life. The intention of vocabulary such as Grantime indicates to the reader its a small child. Due to the fact the dwarfish boys illiterate the spoken words sound like a single unit Gettinguptime, timeyouwereofftime. This is represented by words being merged together as one. The small-minded boy visits time in terms of actions or tear downts that happened at these times and knows a lot of time for a small childAll the grand times he knew.But not half-past two.The boy hadnt been taught time by his teacher, but he was too scared of being wicked to remind her. The little boy is innocent, scared and sad for what hed done and hasnt done anything serious, thus becoming the object of the readers sympathy. The clock vista seems real and alive to the boy the little eyestwo massive legs for walking. As he stares at the clock the little boy thinks the clock is talking to him, as UA Fanthorpe uses onomatopoeiaBut he couldnt click its languageThe personification of the clock symbolises how the childs imgagination starts to develop the only interesting and important object in the room indicating the boy feels very terrene So he waited, beyond onceupona. The boy then starts to fall into a dream world like a fairytale payable to the boredom he suffers, which reminds him of bedtime going to a world beyond onceupona. The boys occasional routine has been broken, as there are no adults around to tell him when its time to do something. As he falls into a daze Into the smell of old chrysanthemumsInto the air outside the window, into ever the repetition of the word into suggests the timelessness and the environment around the boy is changing and drifting as he becomes alive(predicate) of every minute smells as his senses become alert.The other characters in the poem Half-past Two is the little boys teacher. The teacher comes to the little boys rescue. As when she enter there is a dramatic effect, and shes shocked when she see the little boy still in the classroomAnd then, My goodness, she saidThe teachers disorganized, disorientated and forgetful as she scuttled somewhat, panicking about the boy. The teacher is so busy, she cant remember what she has taught her pupils. The reader gets the impression that the teacher is young and doesnt have a lot of teaching bonk being new to the field. Its ironic as she says Run along or youll be late as he doesnt know what time is.UA Fanthorpes presentation of the education system as presented in Half-past Two shows the reader how imperative time is in order to function and survive in modern day society. In the poem the importance of time is when the detention ends not when a particular event occurs. The message UA Fanthorpe is acquiring across to the reader about the education system is that time is crucial and that it must be taught in the beginning on in the school syllabus rather then a later stage in life, as a young childs sense in life is determined by routine events.The second ba se poem is key outed Dear Mr Lee in addition written by UA Fanthorpe. The poem is written in take form of a letter, by an side pupil expressing their love for a piece of literature by Laurie Lee. The savant is write a letter of apology, as they think they have failed an English exam yet may be proved wrong as the schoolchild seems pessimistic. The reader learns about why the educatee is writing the letter and the feelings and emotions of the student about failing an English exam.The beginning of the poem Dear Mr Lee is one long continuous stanza by the student whereas in Half-past Two the poem is written in shortly verses. The poems are both similar as in Half-past Two the short verses represent the childs short break up thoughts as also in Dear Mr Lee the structure of the poem follows the students thoughts like a flow of chaotic consciousness by using enjambment. The reader gets the feeling that the student is three dimensional, as even though the character is pessimist ic, yet they are positive about Cider with Rosy.The student is very barbed about her English teacher, Mr Smart but shows maturity as she doesnt pass the blame for her failing exam. In contrast to Dear Mr Lee the vocabulary used in Half-past Two is very simple and the comprise words represent a young childs language. The reader learns that the main character in the book is an English student expressing their passion for their favourite author, Laurie Lee. The student addresses Mr. Lee is a sign of the students respect and admiration for him. The student refers to Mr. Lee as Laurie Lee as they see him as a friendIts rude to call you Laurie, but thatshow I think of you.The letter is friendly and in semiformal yet trying to be formal in order to show respect.Other characters mentioned in the poem in Dear Mr Lee is also a teacher just like in Half-past Two. The student describes her English teacher Mr Smart as cynical and uninspiring, indicating to the reader he isnt a supporting and h elpful teacher. The name Mr Smart may be an ironic nickname given by the student, yet the reader never finds out. Mr Smart is a shoot for contrast to Laurie Lee who is his dynamic opposite. He doesnt seem to motivate his students, which is imputable to the lack of enthusiasm shown by the student towards his English classes. In Half-past Two the teacher didnt mean to leave him in the classroom for that long a period of time to cruel. The teacher had genuinely forgot that she had left the poor little boy in the classroom and did everything she could to slot him back into his usual routine. Mr Smart is harsh and critical as he says to the student that anyone with her punctuation to consider poetry as a career is enough to make the angels weep. Mr Smart is only interested in exam results and not the subject.The presentation of the education system in Dear Mr Lee criticizes the education system, as it doesnt assurance the students enthusiasm and passion for literature and English. From UA Fanthorpes poem, it indicates to the reader that education is interested in good exam results from pupils and complimentss a restrictive and analytical approach, which discourages a personal and intimate response from students. The student didnt enjoy examine Shakespeare, as she didnt understand what was being taught. The one book that the student was able to understand and love was the book Cider with Rosy yet when it came to the exam the student didnt much like the questions about social welfare in the rural community and the seasons as perceived by an adolescent.The exam doesnt credit the students enthusiasm and passion for the book, and so the student failed the exam. Unlike Dear Mr Lee the poem Half-past Two is less critical, as it only emphasis the necessity of time. While in Dear Mr Lee is very critical towards the education syllabus, and how the syllabus is being taught. The poems are both similar as the teacher plays a study role in the students view and thoughts. Mr . Smarts attitude towards one of his students has an affect on their motivation towards English. As a teacher Mr. Smart lacked to offer the support and passion the student required in order to advise and take leisure in English.The last poem I go out analyse is Reports which is also written by UA Fanthorpe. The poem Reports is written from a teachers point of view hostile in Half-past Two and Dear Mr Lee which are written from the point of view of students. Out of all the poems Reports is the most critical, as the teacher shows his or her frustration towards the education system. The teacher is trying to write tracks for their students yet in order to shrive the truth about the students they must be politically correct. This leaves the teacher stranded and unable to write an accurate, impartial and fair report for the pupils. Due to not writing accurate reports, it leaves the teacher annoyed, as there is no more truth in the education system, which has become corrupt. The poem Reports is the most negative of the three poems, this is due to the fact there isnt one single positive comment made by the teacher.The beginning of Reports has the use of italics in order to indicate to the reader what the teacher is idea of what to write unlike in Half-past Two where italics represent speechHas made a sound beginningThis is written in typical report style phraseology. The tone of the poem is formal from the start to the end, similar to the poem Dear Mr Lee overlook Reports is formal through out. The poem is written in stanzas just like in Half-past Two ask out they are long showing the thoughts of the teacher are more sophisticated and more developed than the little boy in the poem Half-past Two. Using Pronouns are dangerous as the teacher doesnt want to be personal and indirect which may be considered rude. When the teacher uses the word dangerous they are using a mocking sarcastic tone, as the teacher will be in trouble for breaking a school policy. This pr oves to the reader that teacher and pupil relationships arent close as shown in Dear Mr Lee where teachers dont want to get personal with their students. The teacher has a very cynical view of reports, as they feel they are obligated to write what people want to hear. The teachers negativity is sensed in Dear Mr Lee as seen by the character Mr. Smart. The teacher must constantly remind themself toBe on your guardThe teacher feels the report says something about the teacher and not just the pupil. The teacher must keep on thinking about what the officials want to hear yet something that will be easily understood as the teacher wants something that Should satisfy them. Near the end of the poem Reports the teacher is reminding themself why they wanted to teach in the first place. Like the teacher in Half-past Two the teacher from Reports used to think education was the most important thing in the world. Then after a few years teaching like in the poem Dear Mr Lee teachers were no longe r idealistic and think they could change the world. This leads to the failure of pupils due to education.Other characters that are mentioned in Reports are Parent, child, head. In contrast to Half-past Two and Dear Mr Lee the characters mentioned in Reports arent direct and dont speak. The teacher thinks about who will read the reports and they are seen as evil as they will look for mistakes made by the teacherUn holy trinity, will readYour scripture backwardsThe holy group of three becomes unholy. Through out the poem the Parent, child, head are mention by the teacher as them. Like evil, the devil will read backwards and three is seen as a wizardly number. The teacher doesnt want to set them any riddles which will be difficult to understand and interperate.The presentation of the education system in Reports by UA Fanthorpe compared to the other two poems is similar to the moral of Dear Mr Lee is that education is dieing because its becoming controlled and narrow. Pupils are failin g because the education system is failing them similar to Reports when the student fails their exam. Yet, in Reports unlike in Half-past Two and Dear Mr Lee it indicates to the reader from the poem that people are no longer able to tell the truth and pupils have no more enthusiasm towards education like in Dear Mr Lee. The education system leads to disillusionment for both pupils, teachers and officials. The future of education will only be grave stones as death is the ultimate teacher ending with an epitaph sayingRest in peace.From studying all three of the poems written by UA Fanthorpe it becomes obvious to the reader UA Fanthorpe doesnt agree the way education is being run through schools. The message comes across to the reader as UA Fanthorpe criticizes the education system as being corrupt and unjustified. As shown through the poem Reports UA Fanthorpe express her frustration through the teacher. UA Fanthorpe is saying that there is no longer truth and that the education system must be politically correct.My personal response to the poem is that education has become more restricted in the modern day society we are invigoration in today. The education system syllabus concentrates more on getting the grades than getting a pleasurable response from the students. I think for students to be motivated further its imperative they get the inspiration to learn. evidently this is no longer happening in the education syllabus. As mention in Dear Mr Lee the students passion for Laurie Lees literature, wasnt ever credited by their teacher at the time Mr Smart. The student wasnt enthusiastic about learning, so how is a student meant to progress? I felt there does need to be silver dollar in the education system in order for it to succeed and be efficient, Reports addressed my attention to this matter. I feel UA Fanthorpe is raising alertness about what the education system is becoming and make us aware of the issue and decide for ourselves.

DoCoMo Essay Example for Free

DoCoMo EssayDoCoMos i-mode concept was a fresh air in the almost stagnant telecommunications grocery store of lacquer. They were ingenious bounteous to target the right market base along with exactly the right offerings. First of all, i-mode had the capability to bind its users connected to the internet all the time, everywhere. Apart from this, the internet services were content providers. Even though this some manner did limit the amount of websites a user can visit, the content websites were chosen in such a way as to fulfill the requirements of the target market. This was a unique way of connecting people to the internet and to each(prenominal) other which took everyone by storm. Young teens and adults were the main target market a market that had a uplifted priority to stay connected with friends and groups but didnt admit the proper means to. The cheapest way of be connected was the internet and the target market mostly didnt even own PCs or didnt provoke the tim e or capacity to afford the more(prenominal) mobile versions of a PC (PDAs, Laptops etc. ).This created a window of opportunity for DoCoMos i-mode in the sense that it provided users with a way to connect with each other without the hassle and expenses associated with owning a laptop or a PC. The target market being adults in 1999 had grown up by 2002. Competitors followed and gave i-mode a hard time as well. With the WAP timeworn becoming faster and cheaper, the in the buff generation, which preferred media content more over simple school text base content was switching to providers who were providing higher data speeds and more elaborate options such as video calls, Multi media pass along etc. ence DoCoMos main customer base was changing out-of-pocket to the advancement of time and veer in preferences. Customers were no more interested in just services and fluff as i-mode started. They wanted more. Apart from a shifting market, i-mode was also facing other challenges. Fir st of all, the up coming markets habitude rate was a lot less than the previous ones. This meant lesser revenue per user. Secondly, competition was increasing by the day.Even though i-mode was still the leader with 60% market share, firms like KDDI and J-Phone had come up with more exciting pack periods, improve offers and better handsets with market shares at (and growing) 24% and 17% respectively. Policy changes at the home(a) level too were forcing i-mode to make changes that were estranging it form its content providers and resulting in lesser profits due to the new, lesser monthly charges that were to go into effect soon. The marketing techniques used in the past by i-mode were in effect(p) in capturing their target market.Keeping in mind the changing market conditions of the present, those techniques will non fetch as effectively anymore. The new market needs something better. The reason competitors are speeding ahead is because the new services and cell phone models th ey have to offer. First of all i-mode will need to launch better phones and services that come with things like internet connectivity as standard rather than an exclusive service. Current advancements have ensured that internet connectivity is not an exclusive offer anymore, everyone is providing it. I-mode will have to yet again identify something unique. market techniques again will have to be designed according to that new product offering. Furthermore, marketing techniques should not exclusively just target the youth. The reason being that the market matures too quickly (goes beyond the age bracket of youngsters adult ages have a bigger cohort) and does not have the spending power that adults have either. Hence the marketing techniques and offering should be tailored to account for these issues as well. I-mode became popular in Japan but it cannot be replicated in other countries due to various reasons. The foremost reason being the paradigms plethoric in other countries.Some markets prefer voice calls over text messaging and others prefer text messaging instead. Content providers in other markets do not see i-modes business model as a profitable opportunity either hence it is tough to implement the same structure where in that location are issues regarding the markets preferences as well as the suppliers. Hence, i-mode will have to tailor their product offering and marketing techniques according to the country they are entering. This is currently an issue that DoCoMo realizes and will hopefully tailor itself accordingly in order to enter new international markets.

Economy and Society of Historical Brazil Essay Example for Free

Economy and Society of Historical Brazil probeThis essay investigates how the political distribution of land and the employment of coerced labour party on sugar plantations and mining change the development of economies and societies in colonial Brazil. Distribution of land in colonial Brail was politically-motivated and strikingly unequal. Landlords owned huge territories and exerted considerable influence upon both people residing in that territories and local governance institutions. People who didnt own land were completely powerless against the tyranny of landlords.Furthermore, unequal distribution of land had negative sparing consequences landlords owned more land than they could manage, so great areas were used in a wasteful musical mode (Wright Wolford, 2003). As concerns coerced craunch, slavery also had a profound impact on Brazilian economy and society. Coerced press was used in sugar-cane mills, gold mines, and sugar plantation. Slavery contributed significa ntly to the economic development of the country, especially of its North-Eastern parts. Coerced labor can be regarded as a major factor in turning Brazil into export-oriented hoidenish economy.As for the influence on the society, resistance among slaves used to be a source of constant brotherly tension. However, in cultural terms, certain elements of African culture eventually fitted well in the mainstream culture of the country, Capoeira being the most telling example. Also, slave trade become a source of quick accumulation of wealth by certain categories of population, like traders and slave market owners. Thus, the political distribution of land and use of coerced labor can be regarded as two major factor shaping the economy and social coordinate of colonial Brazil.

Thai Tourism and Economic Development Essay Example for Free

Tai touristry and Economic education EssayThe touristry pains is currently the worlds largest and most diverse business domain since it serves as a primary source for generating revenue, employment, private sector step-up, and infrastructure development for many countries. Researchers abide argued that touristry development not only stimulates the growth of the industry, but also triggers overall sparing growth (Lee and Chang, 2008). Hence, enhancing economic growth by promoting the touristry industry has become an measurable economic development schema in most developing countries (Chen and Chiou-Wei, 2009). This belief is consistent with hotshot of the three relevant hypotheses regarding the kin amidst touristry development and economic expansionnamely, the tourism-led economic growth hypothesis, the economic-driven tourism growth hypothesis, and the reciprocal causal hypothesis. Economists evince the economic effects of tourism on the economy.The speedy gro wth of tourism causes an increase in home incomes and politics revenues through multiplier effects, improvements in the balance of payments, and growth in the bite of tourism-promoted government policies. As such, the development of tourism has usually been considered a positive contribution to economic growth (Lim, 1997 Oh, 2005). To date, at that place has been a vast amount of research conducted on the economic impact of tourism activity but the books provides mixed results, with different studies arriving at different conclusions. Some of these studies, such as Ghali (1976), Balaguer and Cantavella-Jorda (2002), Dritsakis (2004a), Oh (2005), Kim et al. (2006), Lee and Chien (2008), account results regarding the relationship among tourism and economic growth, but an explicit result is not obvious.A alert observational analysis, such as the one shown in this study, is desirable for any country that whitethorn regard to concenter on the tourism industry as part of its na tional economic development policy. Thailand embraces a large diversity of cultures and traditions. With its proud history, tropical climate and renowned hospitality, Thailand offers great potential for the development of tourism (Tourism ascendance of Thailand, 2008a). Henkel et al. (2006) provide an extensive discussion of the various studies that admit been conducted to determine the perceptions of world-wide visitors about the mental picture of Thailand. The results ensn atomic number 18 that Thai residents and international visitors confirmed that cultural sightseeing, friendly people and food were signifi cannistertly consequential when mentation of Thailand as a tourist destination, while international visitors felt that nightlife and entertainment were significantly to a greater extent effectant than that of Thai residents.As McKinnon (1964) argued, international tourism brings contrary exchange that can be use to import intermediate and capital goods to produce g oods and services, which in turn leads to economic growth. Foreign tourism is Thailands largest merchandise industry. Sales of tourism goods and services to international visitors averaged US$10.2 billion in 19982005 on more than 10 one million million annual visitor arrivals. During 19982005, on average, Thai tourism directly and indirectly accounted for 13 share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 10 portion of employment which is approximately 3 million jobs and 12 percent of investment. Using the industrys GDP share as a measurement, Thailand doorThe tourism industry is currently the worlds largest and most diverse business sector since it serves as a primary source for generating revenue, employment, private sector growth, and infrastructure development for many countries. Researchers have argued that tourism development not only stimulates the growth of the industry, but also triggers overall economic growth (Lee and Chang, 2008). Hence, enhancing economic growth by promot ing the tourism industry has become an important economic development strategy in most developing countries (Chen and Chiou-Wei, 2009). This belief is consistent with one of the three relevant hypotheses regarding the relationship between tourism development and economic expansionnamely, the tourism-led economic growth hypothesis, the economic-driven tourism growth hypothesis, and the reciprocal causal hypothesis. Economists emphasize the economic effects of tourism on the economy.The speedy growth of tourism causes an increase in household incomes and government revenues through multiplier effects, improvements in the balance of payments, and growth in the number of tourism-promoted government policies. As such, the development of tourism has usually been considered a positive contribution to economic growth (Lim, 1997 Oh, 2005). To date, there has been a vast amount of research conducted on the economic impact of tourism activity but the literature provides mixed results, with dif ferent studies arriving at different conclusions. Some of these studies, such as Ghali (1976), Balaguer and Cantavella-Jorda (2002), Dritsakis (2004a), Oh (2005), Kim et al. (2006), Lee and Chien (2008), reported results regarding the relationship between tourism and economic growth, but an explicit result is not obvious.A careful empirical analysis, such as the one shown in this study, is desirable for any country that may want to focus on the tourism industry as part of its national economic development policy. Thailand embraces a rich diversity of cultures and traditions. With its proud history, tropical climate and renowned hospitality, Thailand offers great potential for the development of tourism (Tourism Authority of Thailand, 2008a). Henkel et al. (2006) provide an extensive discussion of the various studies that have been conducted to determine the perceptions of international visitors about the image of Thailand. The results found that Thai residents and international visi tors confirmed that cultural sightseeing, friendly people and food were significantly important when thinking of Thailand as a tourist destination, while international visitors felt that nightlife and entertainment were significantly more important than that of Thai residents.As McKinnon (1964) argued, international tourism brings foreign exchange that can be used to import intermediate and capital goods to produce goods and services, which in turn leads to economic growth. Foreign tourism is Thailands largest export industry. Sales of tourism goods and services to international visitors averaged US$10.2 billion in 19982005 on more than 10 million annual visitor arrivals. During 19982005, on average, Thai tourism directly and indirectly accounted for 13 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 10 percent of employment which is approximately 3 million jobs and 12 percent of investment. Using the industrys GDP share as a measurement, Thailand was ranked 60 out of 174 countries in t he World Tourism and Travel Councils Tourism Satellite Accounts in 2005 (Wattanakuljarus and Coxhead, 2008). Thailand has evermore been a great travel destination for business travelers and tourists from neighboring countries.Over the period 19982007, the total number of tourist arrivals to Thailand increased from 7.76 to 14.46 million. International tourism revenue in Thailand increased from 242,177 million baht in 1998 to 547,782 million in 2007 (Tourism Authority of Thailand, 2008b). Further analysis shows that international visitors came from countries within the neighboring Asian neck of the woods, which provided near 53.91 percent of all visitors in 2007. The top five countries of residence for Thailands inbound tourists in 2007 were Korea (9.44%), japan (9.09%), Malaysia (7.32%), the United Kingdom (5.55%) and China (5.47%). As mentioned, the Thai economy depends heavily on the performance of its tourism industries. Specifically, the millions of jobs and a substantial frac tion of export earnings and a wide range of some other industries are directly or indirectly interdependent with tourism management.Therefore, this paper focuses on recapitulationing the potential relationship between Thai tourism development and economic growth. There have been a number of empirical studies that have focused on investigating the relationship between tourism development and economic growth two in one country and in a cross- sectional context. The main purpose of this introduction is to review the general literature on tourism development and economic growth. The remaining four sections of the paper afford premier, the role of tourism development and economic growth in the Thai economy, followed by two sections cover song a literature review of tourism development and economic growth in both(prenominal) first the international and then the Thai context. The last section provides conclusions.TOURISM SITUATION IN THAILANDAccording to the Tourism Authority of Tha iland (2008b), the World Tourism Organization estimated that the average growth of international tourists in 2005 would be 5.5 percent (lower than in 2004, when the growth of world tourism experienced a 10 percent expansion), with 808 million international tourists. However, the tourism industry saw a slowdown, as a result of the world economic downturn. The region which was expected to grow at a graduate(prenominal)er rate was the Asia Pacific (+10%) owing to the concomitant that tourists paid more attention to finding new attractions in this region, especially in Cambodia, Vietnam, India, and China, where there was high growth in the number of visitors. Other regions with lower expected growth rates were Africa (+7%), the Americas (+6%), Europe (+4%), and the Middle East (+3%). During 19982007, the number of tourist arrivals to Thailand almost doubled both in the international and domestic context (See Tables 1 and 2).Consistent with the increase in arrivals, the international t ourism revenue of Thailand almost doubled. In Thailand, the tsunami disaster and disturbance in the three southern provinces, as comfortably as the increased market competition from new destinations (Vietnam, China, and India) and tourism product creation (Japan, Hong Kong, and Korea) were key factors in Thailands steady tourism growth in 2005, with 11.52 million inbound visitors. However, this slowdown was not as severe as it could have been, due to the attempts of the public and private sectors to stimulate markets and restore the attractions affected by the disaster as fast as possible. These actions resulted in the slight impact as shown in the above-named statistics of the Thai tourism industry (Tourism Authority of Thailand, 2008b).ROLES OF TOURISM IN THE THAI ECONOMYTourism is one of the worlds largest industries and one of its fastest growing economic sectors. In many countries, tourism is a main strategy for regional development, as it stimulates new economic activities. Tourism may have a positive economic impact on the balance of payments, on employment, and on gross income and production, but it may also have negative effects, particularly on the environment. However, unplanned and uncontrolled tourism growth can result in such deterioration of the environment that tourist growth can be compromised (Creaco and Querini, 2003). Thai governments have placed great store on earnings from tourism spending in fight of the industry accounts for about 3 percent of total government budget outlays. These expenditures have supported a range of promotional programs in the past decade for example, there has been Visit Thailand Year, Thailand the Gateway to Indochina, astounding Thailand and Unseen Thailand.According to Wattanakuljarus and Coxhead (2008), tourism is an increasingly popular component of the development strategy in low-income countries found on three reasons. First, that tourism can serve as a substantial source of foreign exchange earnings, s o contributing to economic growth. Second, that tourism services are labor-intensive, so expansion of this industry will create jobs and improve income distribution. Third, that tourism is a clean industry, that is, its growth is good for the environment. Consistently, Diamond (1977) examined the tourisms role in economic development and confirmed that in search of remedies for persistent balance-of- payments deficits, governments in developing countries and international aid agencies have been attracted to international tourism.The study argued that not only can tourism relieve the shortage of foreign exchange constraining industrial expansion and alleviate the growing task of urban unemployment, but in the long run tourism will provide a price- and income- malleable substitute for staple exports facing less favorable demand conditions. Tourism expansion in Thailand sure enough creates jobs for unskilled workers, and this has a direct poverty alleviation impact.However, much of the gain from tourism growth accrues to factors other than unskilled labor, so income distribution may actually worsen. In addition, low-skilled jobs in other sectors may be destroyed, and returns to agricultural land, from which the poor derive a considerable share of their income, may fall as tourism expands (Wattanakuljarus and Coxhead, 2008). Government efforts to promote tourism growth may thus be inconsistent with the goal of cut income inequality.

Against Smoking Essay Example for Free

Against Smoking EssayLife is too short and you only live once ar phrases you always hear from your parents, grandparents and other heap whenever they come up with those boring in my day stories, arent they? So why bolt out the one life you get, and shorten the already too short with the overpriced, soft-witted and revolting habit of sess? Smoking is the habit that I consider to be pointless, a waste of money and dangerous to your health and social life.Smoking really is the one thing I dislike and with it causing a staggering 110,000 unnecessary premature deaths a year I strongly deliberate it should be banished to room 101 eternally. Its not that bigger deal is what you might be sentiment now but wait until you hear the stomach churning, blood-curdling and spine chilling effects smoking has on you and everyone around you, they are what some call Hair-raisers. ?1. billion is what our nations worst habit is cost the NHS every year, with 50 diseases and illnesses linked to smoking, 20 of which fundament be fatal in percentage of cases. When you and your family urinate to pay the extortionate amount of tax, this is certainly not what you wanted a percentage of it to be waiver towards. Youre hard earned pay going towards people feeding their deathly addiction with what is an expensive death wish in the form of a stick of cancer and fatal diseases. ?1,700 is what an average smoking carriage spends on cigarettes each year.Every cigarette lasts middling two minutes and takes 11 minute polish off of your life, whilst imagine having ? 1,700 to go on a shopping spree with. It could last you years of fashionable outfits whilst smoking could cost you years of agonizing symptoms from the illnesses you could end up cosmos faced with, besides surely the smoking sweep aways and smoking is harmful to health messages on the back of many cigarette and tobacco packets reminds the skinnyrs of the consequences of smoking and it would surely put people off sm oking, but no they just carry on.Too add to this the addictive drug in a cigarette is also used as an insecticide, so if it is used to kill insects then just visualize what it might do to your lungs, not nice is it? Smoking doesnt just affect you it affects the people around you as well. 17,000 children under the age of five are admitted to hospital with illnesses such as pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis and infections such as ear, throat and chest infections. Innocent children having to pay the price for inconsiderate people who selfishly good deal around them.It really is not fair. Additionally children who grow up in families of smokers surrender 50% more chance of being tobacco users when they are older than children brought up in a smoke free environment. Many times my friends and I have had to choose between suffocating in cigarette smoke and holding our breathes for, well too long whilst our eyes water from the smoke, smudging all our redress just before meeting up with so me friends in town as we have to fling by a ginormous group of selfish youths smoking because they think it makes them look cool.It doesnt for the record and it also smells really, really bad. Who would want to be friends with someone whose hair, clothes and house smells like stale tobacco smoke? Not me, thats for sure. Why on earth do people think their cool if they smoke IN joke shops they even sell fake cigarettes that look lit, just so people can pretend theyre smoking. But really it does not look cool and 40% of 16 year olds feel pressured into smoking by their friends and peers.Why should young people have to worry about being asked to have a smoke next time they go out with their friends when really they should be concentrating on school and GCSEs? Similarly 60% of all smokers started smoking under the age of 17. These and too many other reasons to say, make me believe that smoking should be banished to the very depths of room 101 for the rest of eternity and Im pretty sure Im not the only one who thinks this.

Growing Up, The Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

Growing Up, The Catcher in the Rye EssayA raw man going through puberty, not knowing what he is doing or where he is headed, in a world in which he feels he doesnt belong in, and feels he is always around a lot of phonies. This would describe the position of Holden Caulfield, the main character in The Catcher in the Rye (1951) written by J.D. Salinger. The word of honor, each(prenominal) narrated by Holden in first person, in its very unique and humorous style, is ab step forward Holden, and all the troubles he has encountered through school, family, friends, and basically life. Holden has been expelled from a private school in Pennsylvania because of failing classes, and decides to go to New York for three days before going home to his disappointed parents. At the beginning of the novel, Holden seems to be like any other 16-year-old young man. But the novel progressively displays through various examples of symbolism that Holden has many problems coping with the world arou nd him.Holden likes to reminisce about his childhood and visiting the Museum of Natural write up in Central Park. He loved to visit the museum, for many reasons, and he even said that he got very happy when he thought about the museum. He tells us of the symbolic details in the museum, by saying, The best thing, though in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobodyd move. Nobodyd be different. The only thing that would be different would be you(121). Holden likes this kind of world, and wishes that he lived in it. He wishes things would stay unchanged and simple. Holden is almost shake by change, and cant handle the conflicts in his life. other very symbolic example in the book is the title itself. On the first night of his three-night excursion, Holden decides to sneak into his house and visit his sister, five, who he adores very much. Phoebe asks Holden what he would like to do with his life. Holden ponders the question and tells Phoebe about the p oem, Comin Through The Rye by Robert Burns. He tells Phoebe, I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this sizeable field of rye and all.Thousands of little kids, and nobodys aroundnobody big, I meanexcept me. And Im standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go all over the cliffI mean if theyre running and they break look where theyre going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. Thats all Id do all day. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all(173). He wantsto save the kids of their innocence, and protect them from the self-aggrandizing world. This indicates Holdens insecurity of the world in which he lives in, and his disgust with becoming an adult.Holden is a very unique individual. He thinks he is different than everyone else he meets, and he is quick to point out how phony everybody else is. While in New York, Holden buys a red hunting hat. It was a very odd hat to wear out in publi c, especially at a prep school, and the other kids were always giving him a firmly time for wearing it. Holden describes it, It was this red hunting hat, with one of those very, very long peaks. It only cost me a buck.The way I wore it, I swung the old peak way around to the backvery corny, Ill admit, but I liked it that way(18). Holden is always proud that he is different than everybody around him, and he sees that hat as a part of his independence. He always likes to think that he is not a phony himself, and will do anything possible to show how different he is than all the other phonies. Another thing Holden likes to recollect is the lagoon in Central Park, and the ducks that occupied it. He ponders, I was wondering if it would be frozen over when I got home, and if it was, where did the ducks go. I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over(13). Knowing it or not, Holden is curious about the ducks in the lagoon, because he himself doesnt know where he is going, or how he is going to get there. He has been kicked out of numerous schools, and he needs a scapegoat such as the lagoon freezing over in order to find out where it is he is going.Holden shows the reader how disgusted and disturbed he is by this adult world in which he is suppuration into. He wishes to stay young, and keep everything simple, and to keep away from all the phonies out there. After recalling all the muckle he has met, and admitting how sick he is, Holden realizes that he is just as phony as everybody else. He ends the story, adding, entert ever tell anybody anything. If you do, you start missing everybody(214).

English Commentary - James Thurber Essay Example for Free

English input James Thurber EssayJames Thurbers Footnote on the future is a first mortal limited narrative written as an account of the author on the topic of science and the future. The musical composition is written with the aim of entertaining the referee slicey elements in it comedy, colloquial and conversatonal langu period, irony, personification and unusual imaging reflect this unified effect. It is important to remember that although the author criticises scientists, himself and the gentle race in general, he does so weakly and in an amicable and comical way. The theme of the piece is humour and this is achieved in several ways. unity method utilize by Thurber is to include deliberately implicitly sadistic ideas into the piece. Thurber writes as if he were disappoint when he finds out that neither the sun nor the mind of man is, after all, going out. This achieves humour because it seems as though Thurber is in opposition to mankind and its future even thoug h he is a human himself.In addition, amusing and ridiculous personification is included in the text the universe is said to set about quit shrinking Thurber wishes that Halleys Comet deals California a glancing backhand blow before it goes careening off the sun-spots dispense as said to have been spreading as rapidly as ulcerative gingivitis. Humour is similarly accomplished by Thurber when he ridicules himself in the opening paragraph of the piece.Whilst attempting to make himself seem important and in the main intelligent, he implies that information is delievered to him rather than searched by him as shown in the quote word is brought to me. However, following on from this forementioned quote, Thurber reveals that it is his knaveboys that deliver information to him. The fact that page boys do not normally deliver information, moreover instead deliver wedding rings to a priest, implies that Thurber may have mistaken the function of page boys and has therefore ridiculed himse lf in an attempt to seem intelligent.In terms of content, eccentric imagery is also used to simply achieve the ratifiers attention. Thurber makes the reader to imagine Earth as a delicate globe and then later to imagine it being knocked far into the oblivious Darkness, the incomprehensible Cold. This produces shock to the reader and in fact could be considered as ironic as it implies that Thurber does not believe in a religion instead believes that the existence of the universe can be explained through science something that he criticises throughout the piece.Thurber directs some attention to scientists and takes care to use the image of bearded watchers of the skies as a separate to describe them. Throughout the passage manages to portray scientists negatively through successfully (in his opinion) disproving Dr. Tilneys surmisal, describing his frustration in the lack of certaintiy scientists have when predicting where and when a comet may hit Earth and commenting seemingly i ronically that Time clip is always infallible and. The use of irony is common throughout the piece.He comments that scientists are quite of course cheerful even though billions of unused brain cells have been detected in the cortex of man. Thurber however gives no explanation for why the scientists are joyful. Thurber further incorporates irony into the text when he states we were given over only a few paltry aeons to prepare our species for the end. As an aeon is considered a termination of a billion years, it would be reasonable to think that there would in fact be enough time to be prepared for such a catastrophe Thurber does this purposefully to criticise scientists perception of time.The readers attention is retained through a consistently colloquial and conversational use of language. Thurber refers and converses to the reader in second person when he says the rest of you may go, you may all show out now and dont ask me why, it just has. The author also informally refers to the theory that man has many unused brain cells as a little menace and chooses to describe his age in 1910 as when he was a stripling of sixteen going on seventeen.

Advertising to children Essay Example for Free

Advertising to children EssayOver the last few decades advertising has alter the lives of many and in particular children. Children argon susceptible to what they see and are more prone to title on a whim. This research newspaper publisher will analyse advertising which is aimed at children and will bear witness the following thesis statement Thesis Advertising mis raceways children in purchasing thoroughlys which they do not need. When you ring about this, it may not seem that true. You could argue that you dont k at one time anyone whose fashion or style is influenced by Hollywoods stars. But, you know youve seen people wearing Sean John or JLo taint clothing.Celebrities also influence fashion much more generally. Most fashion trends were either started or influenced by the big stars, says Ramon. An different key constituent of child intended marketing is the music industry. Stephen Kiehl of the Baltimore Sun says, You could be forgiven for confusing the Number 1 p oetry in the U. S. last week with a commercial. The journalist also mentions that some musical artists are all the same paid to advertise specific products in their songs. A recent example of this is Petey Pablos song Freak-a-Leak in which the lyrics include, this instant I got to give a shout out to Seagrams gin.Cause Im drinkin it and they payin me for it. tally to the San Francisco marketing company, Agenda Inc. , 59 brands impart been mentioned 645 times in the songs that have made it into the top 20 this year. An separate large reference of advertising aimed at children is oddly enough, school. Looking right which really means fitting in, is very consequential for young teenagers, says LaRue- Robinson, a middle school guidance counselor in Forestville, Md. With students caring about how their peers are dressed, moms are beginning to worry Its gotten really bad now withTiny Teddies and Cheezels give a ratio diet to children (Houlihan, 2005). On the other hand, some adv ertisements using prize to deceive children to buy their products. The video (Buy me that, also 1992) explained how the television advertising deceptive children. From the Cereal Giveaways advertising, children can get a complete set of baseball cards easily (Buy me that, too 1992. But the presenter said 73 boxes to get a good chance only, this result in expenditure increasing for parents (Buy me that, too 1992).Therefore, television advertising directed at children is not fair, people can not allow deceptive advertising continue to misleading children, it should be forbid. Some people argue that if government do not allowed manufacturers to make headway their products on children television, this will lead to destroy of the childrens product industry. This point of view is biased. Word-of-mouth is influencing children buying power. Harry Potter novel now is popular around the world, but the success is not from television advertising, the books themselves became successful are bec ause of viva-voce amid children (Blades, Gunter Oates cited in Proctor Richards, 2002).Without television advertising, childrens product has been successful in society, Harry Potter gives manufacturers an example that how to happen upon success without to promote on children television. Moreover, television advertising is not only method for manufacturers to promote their products. According to the Australia Film Commission report (AFC, 2005), it is estimated the total advertising expenditure with Commercial Economic Advisory military service of Australia (CEASA). Television advertising is not the most important channel for manufacturers in Australia, newspapers is the first choice for manufacturers to promote their products.Also, from the study, manufacturers like to choose radio, magazines and other channels to promote their products (AFC, 2005). Furthermore, 78% of children and adolescents who use the internet do so at home (National Center for Education Statistics, 2003). I nternet has become an efficiency way for manufacturers to promote their goods. From the word-of-mouth advertising and study from AFC, people can find the answer easily that forbid the manufacturers to advertise on television will not destroy the childrens product industry. To escape advertising is nearly impossible brand logos are everywhere. Even in outer space you cant escape it.In 1993 Schwarzeneggers underrated and see classic, (my opinion, Ill admit it ) Last Action Hero had its logo painted on a transmit for a large fee, and will circle our planet for the next few thousand years. The soldiers fighting in Iraq, even as I write this, are carrying advertisements the M-16A2 has a Colt logo stamped into its side, a reminder of who makes that caliber weapon. Even in the remotest regions of our world artifacts with recognizable logos are found thanks to care packages. (The Gods moldiness be Crazy is a wonderful movie on this subject. ) Why do we tolerate such(prenominal) invasions to our lives?Largely because these sorts of advertisements slip under our radar, but also for identification purposes if you came to my house and saw my entertainment centre, you qualification know what the DVD player, stereo and the television are, but if you are not familiar with gaming systems, you would have trouble distinguishing the X-Box from the Playstation 2 or the Gamecube. So that type of brand labelling does serve a purpose other than advertising in some cases. There are exceptions to the rule of slapping a logo on everything that we secure, and a clear boundary that corporations will not cross furniture.A simple scan of the room Im in shows that that my furniture has nothing denoting where it came from, although I do know that the mattress does have a manufacturers tag on it, my sheets strain it. Out of sight, out of mind. Advertising is becoming more and more a part of our society. The film minority Report features a scene where advertising is everywhere, and cust omized to the person. This could be construed as an invasion of privacy, as every purchase of the individual is scrutinized and advertising is personally tailored to that person. This type of information gathering is already being time-tested in seemingly innocent places.Search for a book on amazon.com and you will get recommendations for other products that you may also be interested in based on your search. (Houlihan, 2005, pg76) Advertisers are also commencement to work under our radar. On the Internet, advertisers used to use tracking cookies to find out the places you went, what you purchased online and other information. concisely the pop up ad appeared to annoy just about everyone who saw them. Pop ups were preceded by E-junk mail, dubbed Spam. The fuss has moved on to what have been dubbed Spybots programs that integrate into your browser program and report back the web bodily function to its source. Gator is the most infamous of these.The answer to the thesis statement based on this research paper is yes. To sum up, it is clearly shows that public should outlaw all advertisements that target innocent children. As this is good for childrens health and controls the increasing childhood obesity, and also is of great benefit to the relationship between children and parents. Parents are no yearner afraid that children are influenced by un rosy-cheeked content of advertisements. Nowadays, more and more countries, like many European Union countries, implement a ban on childrens advertising.Children are a countrys future, protecting their wellbeing and healthy life is the most important responsibility not only for their parents but also for the whole society.ReferencesDerived from esbco emcee The university of Winnipeg http//libproxy. uwinnipeg. ca/login? URL=http//search. ebscohost. com/login. asp? profile=web CNN. com Health America Australia Film Commission, 2005, what Australians are watching, Online, operable http//www. afc. gov. au/gtp/wftvisad revenue. html November 24, 2008 Baker, F. 2004, TV-Toy Ad analysis Worksheet, Online, Availablehttp//medialit. med. sc. edu/toyadanalysisworksheet. htm November, 24, 2005

Inclusive Education Essay Example for Free

Inclusive Education EssayIn this assignment I go away be critiquing a peer reviewed interrogation article which explores an aspect of interprofessional practice. I provide reverberate on my practice and c altogether in either how the research discussed with in the article cushions and ch onlyenges my thinking and entree. By critiquing the journal Early Years An International question Journal, I will show friendship and understanding of another(prenominal) professional roles in untimely days under pinned by theory I contrive researched. My own understanding of inclusive practice in untimely old age is that all(prenominal) nestlingren, irrespective of ethnicity, culture or religion, home terminology, family background, instruction difficulties or disabilities, sexual urge or ability should crap the opportunity to experience a challenging and enjoyable programme of culture and development. (Early Years Statutory Frame hunt down, 2014, 1.15)The journal foc intentions on 52 aboriginal years practitioners from England, their experience of interprofessional take to the woodsings, woven unneurotic and their level of confidence and competence a comparable different telescopes such as tikerens centres, preschool oscilloscopes and secret prospects as well as community preschool as it has been the fore front of g everywherenment policy in UK since the examination into Victoria Climbie I confound foc utilize on three prime aspects from the journal educational activity, conversation with multiagencies and deem which I think is detect regarding my own reflection of my practice as well as the impact on my thinking approach. The writers of the journal are Jane Payler and Jan Georgeson (2009) but nowhere in the journal are their qualifications and backgrounds cited. It is unclear that the writers are professional s or have had any practical experience in early years. It does non tell you where the aspects are located and which b ack ground the minorren and families are from.I see if all this entropy was give it may have been clear to the readers why we see that research done in the take area has ahuge impact on their achieving when it comes to bud fare instruct and skills. If it was a deprived area they might be struggling with the funds, resources and indorse. On page b385 it nations that they sent the questionnaires off but I believe all the methods used had weaknesses as it does not say anywhere what verbiage they were using and what fork of questions were asked. Throughout the journal the writers praise the efforts that are made from the kidskinrens centre in terms of working with inter professionals.As a reader I felt they were biased towards the tikeren centre as end-to-end their article they have mentioned several times close to how well barbarianren centres are doing, in comparison to preschool and mystical nurseries. Even the tables indicate that the electric razorrens centres are effecting at the top and preschool and private settings are nowhere near their achievement and successes. On page 387 of the journal it nations that during her research it understandably showed that the barbarianrens centres showed a detain understanding of procedure as well as confidence in orgasm other agencies.The root aspect explored was fostering necessitate. The Journal article states that the survey done was completed by 52 early years practitioners who were either undergoing, or had recently completed training for early years professional status. out-of-pocket to the level of education, it is clear to me why most of them were confident when working with outer agencies and make-up propounds according to the brunette review of early education and childcare qualifications interim report (March 2012) Getting qualifications right will serving to en positive(predicate) that women and men enter the profession with the skills and experiences they learn to do the be st work with young children and their families. fountainhead taught courses and learning routes that lead to reliable qualifications bottom friend early years practitioners to improve their skills, cognition and understanding, constantly evolution in their roles.This has made me reflect on my own training in regards to what I convey to attend in terms of inclusive education and its importance as it is clearly shows in the journal on pg381 that the ply phalluss with high qualifications and training were more confident in approaching and penning IEPS (Individual Educational Plan). As I was reading the journal one thing which really drew my direction was that it talked about the lag training being inconsistent. In well-nigh focalizes round seemed confident and in about places they were not. Myself being an early years practitioner and working in a private sector I can relate to the problems as supply are expected to go on training in their own time. Working at bottom t he Borough of Hounslow I have experienced premier(prenominal)-hand cuts that have unimp to each oneably been made in regards to training. agree to the Guardian published in 2011 heading The government is putting training out of reach of those who fatality it most in early years. (The Guardian, 2011)It goes on further to state that From August colleges and training plyrs, in the main, will receive scarcely half the cost of courses. This results in training being harder to gain. In order to go onto training you now have to firstly go onto a waiting list. non only has that had an impact on your practice but to a fault a mental faculty members confidence with dealing with any situation which that training may have addressed. another(prenominal) issue is that we now, as a setting, have to pay for the training. If a setting is low on funds the training cannot take place and so the staff members, as well as, children, parents and the setting, miss out. Covering the staff on trainin g and courses exacerbates the situation. It is in like manner shown on page 390 of the journal that payable to the cuts the dialect and language healer who will come to the setting one day fortnightly was reduced to in one case a week which impacts on the children having to suggest somewhere else and not having an inclusive service.I have been affected by this shoemakers last year as I was told that there was no money left in Hounslow borough to give out for inclusion sustainment staff which resulted on my having to use the staff I had already to support the childs need . Despite the above and reflecting on my own practice, I believe early years practitioners do the best when it comes to identifying a child with a need, as they are the primary carers after the parents. In my belief, other agencies might have the qualifications but we as practitioners are the ones who identify the problem and so refer them on. As express in the new EYFS (2014 3.20) providers must support sta ff to undertake appropriate training and professional development opportunities to fit they offer compare, learning and development that continually improves. The second aspect which came to my solicitude was the different level of support throughout the childrens centre, preschool and private nursery.It was astonishing to see that the childrens centres were given the most support and due to this it is not a surprise that they were the most confident in approaching the orthogonal agencies and writing reports. This is clear due to their inter links with the outside agencies. According to the article they state that in every childs centre in London they have family support, speech and language therapists as well as health visitants who are designated to each childrens centre. Due to that reason, I believe that they have far more support including regular meetings, interactions and support however, private nurseries and preschools do not get that support and rely on conversation b ased on letters as well as emails and phone calls, which is not al slipway reliable and as powerful as meetings.From my own experience I have noticed that once you identify a concern with a childs speech and language, the referral takes over six months to completely get a answer from a speech and language therapist. In Hounslow alone there is a long waiting list of children waiting to be seen by a speech and language therapist. Due to this, it is no doubt in my mind that having an in-house speech and language therapist or to even have a grapheme of training in order to process and support children with their need as now out of? Children coming to school are in need of some sort of speech and language support. (I CAN Talk Series Issue 6) This has challenged my thinking and approach I would definitely like in my setting, as a manager, ascend a staff member to see how the speech and therapist works so they can come back and continue with the therapist approach.It was set forth by one of the practitioners that sitting with a child whilst seen by the therapist helped her to support the child page 389. I would love to be able to do so in my setting. I can support children with some support while the child is waiting to be seen by the speech and language therapist. Once the child has been seen by the speech and language therapist I make sure I have the copy of the recommendations and advice made by the therapist, so I can use the same strategies used by the therapist. According to I CAN, an organisation that helps children to communicate, In some parts of the UK, tokenly in areas of indigence over half of children start school with speech, language and colloquy needs. That federal agency 2 to 3 students in every classroom have significant communication difficulties. (I CAN Talk Series Issue 6) star of the other aspects which came to my attention was that throughout the article it is clear to me that there has been effective communication within the childr ens centre as there have been professionalstaff on site therefore all communication is organization to demonstrate especially with speech and language therapists.Whereas private and other settings do not have this capacity and funds so all the communication involving outside agencies is on paper. It is clearly shown in figure 1 page387 that the childrens centres were 100 % on target when it comes to face to face advert with outside agencies. Other settings like independent preschools where I am employed are only doing 75% of face to face contact when it comes to communication and although its only 75% contact it is effective within that percentage. I agree with this as my own private setting has to rely on emails, phone calls and paper. This is also clearly stated in the journal on page 387. On page 395 it tells you about the need of the effective inter professionals practice in early years and their belief that it will be likely once the two year old check for disadvantaged chi ldren is extended. Since the 2 year check has been introduced I have experienced more regular contact with the health visitor. I have experienced different types of response when it comes to effective communication.As in the document one part needs to be done by the practitioner one by the parents and one need to be done by the health visitor regarding any concern with the child. Some health visitors will be very particular in writing about the childs health and on other hand some health visitors will write little information concerning the child and leave it as no concerns. Conclusion The article helped me to reflect on my practice and identify key issues that impact and challenge my thinking and approach. For me, inclusion is not scarce the toleration of all pupils, but the active provision of opportunities for all to sapidity good about themselves and to have the chance to flourish, whatever their individual needs and potential barriers to learn might be.Whatever difficulties m ay get in dealing with the outside agencies ,distance mingled with the professionals and resources and funds available as a particular I believe we have a legal duty to make sure we do the best when it comes to equality and diversity (inclusive and inclusion). In my setting and practice I have made sure that I provide and implement a clear policy and procedure to kindle equality and support to every child in need as up held by the legal frame work in EYFS 3.66. It was also clearly stated in the journal on page 389 that settings doing their best when it comes to competence in developing their knowledge and network for inter-professionals over a periodof time were based on their knowledge and great experience of integrated provision. Effective working practice with outside agencies should occur whatever the contact is, face to face or remote. As a practitioner it is our responsibility to make sure the child is cover within the inclusion policy.The second part of my assignment will be focusing on communication and the importance of communication in settings between other agencies, staff and parents/guardians. The intelligence operation communication comes from the Latin word communis, meaning to share. (Communication studies). I believe sharing is a very important element when working within your practice, with parents and outside agencies. Personally I believe communication is the act of conveying information for the purpose of creating a shared understanding. And includes verbal, non-verbal and electronic means (Communication studies) According to Pietroni (1992) We should not underestimate the many factors that challenge working relationships between professionals.Most fundamental is communication. To achieve break off integration of services and organisation, The Childrens Act 2004 required local anaesthetic authorities to enter into partnership ar regurgitatements with parents who, in turn, carried reciprocal duties to cooperate. -Aubrey Carol. As su ggested by the Laming Report, the Common Assessment Framework(CAF) was introduced as a standardised approach to assessing childrens redundant needs. CAF supports the identification of a childs additional needs which are not currently being met at the earliest possible stage. (How children learn, Pg. 59) As an early years professional it is very important that I use communication effectively regardless of the type of setting, the ability to communicate effectively is crucial for developing positive relationships with children, young people and their families, colleagues and other professionals. Not only does it pave the way for a happy working environment but it is also a core unit of study for most children and young people especially when working with inclusion.In my setting I am the manager and the SENCO. I believe we are at the stage of norming as described by Tuckman in his performing team development models. Consensus largely forms among the team, our team responds well to re inforcement by a leader. Roles and responsibilities are clearly defined and important decisions are discussed and agreed upon by the entire team. small decisions may be delegated toindividuals or small teams within a group not only to gift the members of staff but to ensure each staff member understands how to handle decision making and help them to gain experience. Our team also discusses and develops our processes and working styles and are always adapting and evolving in parallel to new research and studies. There is overall respect for team leaders and leadership is shared by the team. Leader facilitates and enables (similar to the Situational leaders Participating mode). Working beside staff is very important to make sure we have an effective string of communication which is strong and healthy.In support of this Good communication practices need to be built into the policies and procedures of a setting (Communication studies what is communication) In our setting we make sure we work on board parents as they are the first educators (Early Years Foundation Stage EYFS, 2.2.) To help children achieve their full potential we make sure that practitioners analyze the experiences families and children receive when they attend our setting. Their feedback is essential to us as it helps us to further improve and meet the needs of parents more successfully. As part of gaining insight into the experiences of children and parents in our setting we send out surveys and questionnaires for parents to express their assent through, this is especially effective if the parent does not feel comfortable expressing their opinion face to face with a member of staff. In addition to this our setting has an open door policy where every morning members of staff are available to talk to our staffs are multilingual and can communicate with a vast range of parents.We also have a text and email system in place for the parents who are working and dont have time to complete surveys o r get in touch with the staff. All these systems are in place to ensure effective communication. Coffee mornings are also in place and provide greater opportunities for parents to discuss their feelings in an informal atmosphere. Some settings invite parents to attend a concisely nursery rhyme performance and a chat about their experiences of the setting. We, at our setting take the ethos of parents as partners. Research tells us that the parents have the most influence over child development and so practitioners will serve children better by working in partnership with the parents. Practitioners also need to be remindful of the parents readiness to engage. There are many factors that should be argueed when communicating orattempting to communicate with parents such as communication barriers. Some of these barriers include time constraints regarding parents working hours, story time and language issues and if the parent may have special needs.Another communication barrier is if t he engagement may be difficult due to family issues (such as a new baby, caring for a relative, domestic violence, health issues, and unusual working patterns.) It is only by understanding parents and valuing their input that practitioners will be able to acknowledge their readiness to engage with the setting. buckram and positive communication and relationships between staff, parents and children will help to develop an atmosphere of trust and comfort. Some children may receive additional support from agencies for their communication development. It is essential that practitioners work in partnership with these agencies to maximize the arrive at for the child as it also states in EYFS When parents and practitioners work together in early years settings, the results have a positive impact on childrens development and learning. (EYFS, 2.2) Our setting works closely aboard outside agencies and take the multi-agency approach to make sure we provide the best care to the children.We a lso embody EYFS guide lines which states in i.16 Close working between early years practitioners and parents is indispensable for the identification of childrens learning needs and to ensure a quick response to any area of particular difficulty. Parents and families are central to a childs wellbeing and practitioners should support this important relationship by sharing information and offering support for extending learning in the home. To make sure this is calamity effectively we have implemented a key person system. Each child has a key person allocated before they start at the setting it is puted before the child starts the setting and on the basis of the initial meeting on induction day and the information hited from paperwork. An example of this in practice is during introduction staff members meet all the parents and the children.If during the meeting we identify any information about the childs specific needs such as speech/language/physical issues and the parents nee d e.g. parents first language is not English, the key person is chosen to suit the need of the childs /parents so they have better communication and feel more comfortable and at ease. Parents can feel confident in communication with staff members and between their children and staff. The role of the keyperson is too gather as much information as possible before the child starts the setting so that the remission in time can be trimd according to the childs needs and interest. On the childs first day the key person sets the activity of the child according to the childs perceived interest and ability to ensure comfort and a sense of safety for the child. In addition to this the key person is responsible for noting and observing the activities of the child. After the initial meeting of the child and parents the SENCO of the setting (me) sit down and asses and evaluate any issues or concerns.An example of this is a child who attended my setting and during the induction day the dumbfou nd had mentioned that the child is shy and an introvert. However upon observing the child during induction activities I learnt that the child may be more than just shy or anti-social. I came to this conclusion as I had noticed the child avoided eye contact and would only play with one coquet, a toy car in which he would move it up and down in a continuous pose. The child also flapped their hands as a result of excitement. After the introduction I sat with my staff and talked about the day and mentioned the particular child. I then allocated myself as the childs key person. I felt I had more rapport with the child and insight than any other member of staff. I then shared my thoughts and observations I had made during the day and offered some solutions and plans of action. During the first few weeks of the child tending the setting I conducted many observations and also got in touch with my local SENCO and shared my concern over the phone.We then collectively arranged a day for her to come and observe the child. I double chequered and ensured there was no further help I could provide and did all that was possible for the child e.g. the child enjoyed cohesive doodles wherever he could and so I made a little post-box in each corner of the classroom and moved any hazards such as televisions as he loved sticking notes on the screens of television and computers. I also maintained daily contact with the mother and even asked her if it was possible to come earlier to pick him up as he became very upset when seeing other parents pick up their children. And made the mother aware of the assistance I was receiving from my local SENCO. I explained how it was vital to contact my area SENCO as they could provide advice which would further help me to support her child to the best of my ability.On the mothers agreement permission my area SENCO visited me and observed the childshe later introduced herself to the mother, she explained her role and what she could do for her child. We arranged a meeting to discuss the concern we have as a team and our plans to set up a IEP so that we are to help and support the child on confirming the date we made sure that all the people concern are available such as the mother, area SENCO and myself the setting SENCO. We explained everything to the mother for example what an IEP is and what we were trying to accomplish with it. My role was to arrange a support worker who would work alongside the child to support his needs. On our meeting day we all sat down together with all staff members who were going to support the child. Everyone shared their thoughts individually and expressed their opinions. In the end we set up IEP targets to help the child develop skills and improve, these targets were made in shared agreement.Each individual involved was given a copy of the IEP targets, this ensured that all staff members involved in relation to the child was aware of the childs difficulties and aware of processes to help ov ercome them and that we all were all shared same vision to establish positive relation, both with each other and whats best for the child. I personally believe A trusting relationship between the practitioner and parents begins with the initial contact and it is crucial that from the start, parents appreciate that staff measure out their knowledge and understanding of their child. (Working in partnership with parents, EYFS Principle) a professional and honest approach by all staff will be the baseline in building the feeling of trust as also reinforced in the government good practice guide as well as in Working Together to Safeguard Children, 2013 states all professionals contribute to whatever actions are needed to safeguard and promote a childs welfare and take part in regularly reviewing the outcomes for the child against specific plans and outcomes according to the report published a HM inspector in 2007 talks about working together with professionals and has stated that it is important that we as a practitioner enable parents to play a stronger role as partners in their childs learning and development.The staff also share the IEP so all the other staff are also aware of what is our common goals as a team as I believe it is very important to work as an effective team and to have the common goals. For me teamwork is like an crude oil that makes the team work. It can enable smoother movement towards targets, can prolong forward momentum, and can help teams to overcomeobstacles. In my setting I make sure when I communicate to my staff, parents and professionals I perform as an adult as a model of Bernes transactional analysis theory. As I believe if you talk like a child you will get a reaction like a child so it is very important that you make sure you come across as someone you want to be, as an adult or someone representing an accounting function or model. We need to be communicating like an adult. To make sure the staff is confident in doing the target s I arrange for the staff to go on training to be able to support the child as it is vital to me to make a quality learning experience for children and this requires a quality workforce providers should regularly consider the training and development needs of all staff members to ensure that they offer a quality learning experience for children that continually improve (Department of Education 2012).We also have professionals come to our setting to train the staff on the IEP targets such as bucket time. Intensive interaction and especial time in the setting the staff trained that share their experience and knowledge with less experienced staff, in order to ensure that continuing professional development takes place. (EYE VOLUME 14) The professionals who train the staff come to the setting to work with the key person to see if they are using the training effectively. I have regular contact with the professional through phone, email, and through paper. We have regular interaction wit h the outside agency and termly meetings in which the childs progress and next steps to take are addressed. During the meetings the childs transition is also discussed as it is very important to make sure the child moves to the next setting with all the support and the hard work achieved by us at our setting is implemented and continued.I sat with the mute and the area SENCO to explain to mum the options she has to choose from as in the end its what she wants for the child that is important.as it is clearly stated in the SEN code of practice working in partnership with parents 2.2 parents too have a vital role to play in supporting their childs education. They hold key information and have a critical role to play in their childrens education. It continues to state that parents have knowledge and experience to contribute to the shared view of a childs needs and the best ways of supporting them. So I believe it is very important that professionals (schools, LEAs and other agencies) a ctively seek to work with parents and value the contribution they make. Itis my belief that The work of professionals can be more effective when parents are involved and account is taken of their wishes, feelings and perspectives on their childrens development. In the document it continues stating When practitioners are friendly and have a genuine interest in the children, parents come to like and trust them, and mutual respect can flourish.According to B Sandra who is the consultant and director of Early Years gives some recommendation on effective communication according to her recommendation we need to give full attention to the person who we were communication, we need to be aware of our body language, need to resist any ways to interrupt. We need to take account of individual need and be flexible in the way they communicate and be ready to ask for help when required, be honest about what we know and what we dont know, one of the other recommendation is that we need to be sensit ive to culture differences as in some cultures direct eye contact is class as been rude in other culture satin cultures certain gestures are classed as rude.so care is needed when communication. eyepatch communication with a person with English as a additional needs we need to use photos, and visual aid. Someone with hearing aid needs to be communicating visual aid as well as use of British sigh language to make sure effective communication is taking place. To conclude my assignment I believe that a happier, healthier and better-informed workforce leads to a better setting. And that engaging your workforce with the right kind of communication, delivered regularly and efficiently through appropriate channels and means can make a big difference to all involved, for example you, your staff, child, parents and outside agencies.